Acids + Acid Naming

A substance produces H⁺ when dissolved in water. What type of compound is it?

Acid

An acid formula usually starts with what element?

Hydrogen

If an acid’s anion has no oxygen and ends in -ide, what naming pattern is used?

hydro- + root + -ic acid

If an acid’s anion ends in -ite, what acid ending is used?

-ous acid

If an acid’s anion ends in -ate, what acid ending is used?

-ic acid

What happens to the prefix hydro- when naming oxyacids?

It is not used

Which acid type uses hydro- in the name?

Binary acids with no oxygen

Which acid type does not use hydro- in the name?

Oxyacids

An acid contains hydrogen and chlorine but no oxygen. Which naming pattern applies?

hydro- + root + -ic acid

What is the name of HCl?

Hydrochloric acid

What is the name of HBr?

Hydrobromic acid

What is the name of HI?

Hydroiodic acid

What is the name of HF?

Hydrofluoric acid

What is the name of H₂S?

Hydrosulfuric acid

What is the name of HCN?

Hydrocyanic acid

Why is HCN named hydrocyanic acid?

It comes from cyanide, CN⁻, which ends in -ide

Why is HCl not called chloric acid?

It has no oxygen and comes from chloride, so it needs hydro- and -ic

What is wrong with naming HCN “cyanic acid”?

It should be hydrocyanic acid because CN⁻ ends in -ide

What is the acid name from chloride?

Hydrochloric acid

What is the acid name from bromide?

Hydrobromic acid

What is the acid name from iodide?

Hydroiodic acid

What is the acid name from fluoride?

Hydrofluoric acid

What is the acid name from sulfide?

Hydrosulfuric acid

What is the acid name from cyanide?

Hydrocyanic acid

An acid is made from nitrate, NO₃⁻. What is its name?

Nitric acid

What is the formula for nitric acid?

HNO₃

An acid is made from nitrite, NO₂⁻. What is its name?

Nitrous acid

What is the formula for nitrous acid?

HNO₂

Why does nitrate become nitric acid?

-ate changes to -ic acid

Why does nitrite become nitrous acid?

-ite changes to -ous acid

Which acid has more oxygen: nitric acid or nitrous acid?

Nitric acid

Which acid has fewer oxygen atoms: HNO₃ or HNO₂?

HNO₂

What is the name of HNO₃?

Nitric acid

What is the name of HNO₂?

Nitrous acid

What is the acid name from sulfate, SO₄²⁻?

Sulfuric acid

What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

H₂SO₄

What is the acid name from sulfite, SO₃²⁻?

Sulfurous acid

What is the formula for sulfurous acid?

H₂SO₃

Why is H₂SO₃ not hydrosulfurous acid?

It contains oxygen, so hydro- is not used

What is wrong with naming H₂SO₃ “hydrosulfurous acid”?

Oxyacids do not use hydro-

What is the name of H₂SO₄?

Sulfuric acid

What is the name of H₂SO₃?

Sulfurous acid

Which acid has more oxygen: sulfuric acid or sulfurous acid?

Sulfuric acid

Which acid has fewer oxygen atoms: H₂SO₄ or H₂SO₃?

H₂SO₃

What is the acid name from carbonate, CO₃²⁻?

Carbonic acid

What is the formula for carbonic acid?

H₂CO₃

What is the acid name from phosphate, PO₄³⁻?

Phosphoric acid

What is the formula for phosphoric acid?

H₃PO₄

What is the acid name from phosphite, PO₃³⁻?

Phosphorous acid

What is the formula for phosphorous acid?

H₃PO₃

What is the name of H₃PO₄?

Phosphoric acid

What is the name of H₃PO₃?

Phosphorous acid

What is the acid name from chlorate, ClO₃⁻?

Chloric acid

What is the formula for chloric acid?

HClO₃

What is the acid name from chlorite, ClO₂⁻?

Chlorous acid

What is the formula for chlorous acid?

HClO₂

What is the acid name from perchlorate, ClO₄⁻?

Perchloric acid

What is the formula for perchloric acid?

HClO₄

What is the acid name from hypochlorite, ClO⁻?

Hypochlorous acid

What is the formula for hypochlorous acid?

HClO

What is the name of HClO₄?

Perchloric acid

What is the name of HClO₃?

Chloric acid

What is the name of HClO₂?

Chlorous acid

What is the name of HClO?

Hypochlorous acid

What is wrong with naming HClO₄ “hydroperchloric acid”?

It contains oxygen, so hydro- should not be used

What is wrong with naming HCl “chloric acid”?

Chloric acid would be HClO₃, not HCl

Put these in order from most oxygen to least oxygen: HClO₄, HClO₃, HClO₂, HClO

HClO₄, HClO₃, HClO₂, HClO

Put these in order by name from most oxygen to least oxygen: HClO₄, HClO₃, HClO₂, HClO

Perchloric acid, chloric acid, chlorous acid, hypochlorous acid

If an acid name starts with hydro-, what should you expect in the formula?

No oxygen

If an acid name ends in -ous acid, what ion ending did it come from?

-ite

If an acid name ends in -ic acid and does not start with hydro-, what ion ending did it come from?

-ate

If an acid name ends in -ic acid and starts with hydro-, what ion ending did it come from?

-ide

What is the formula for hydrocyanic acid?

HCN

What is the formula for hydrosulfuric acid?

H₂S

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

HCl

What is the formula for hydrobromic acid?

HBr

What is the formula for hydroiodic acid?

HI

What is the formula for hydrofluoric acid?

HF

What acid forms from BrO₃⁻, bromate?

HBrO₃, bromic acid

What acid forms from BrO₂⁻, bromite?

HBrO₂, bromous acid

What acid forms from BrO₄⁻, perbromate?

HBrO₄, perbromic acid

What acid forms from BrO⁻, hypobromite?

HBrO, hypobromous acid

When writing an acid formula from a 1− anion, how many H atoms are usually needed?

1

When writing an acid formula from a 2− anion, how many H atoms are usually needed?

2

When writing an acid formula from a 3− anion, how many H atoms are usually needed?

3

Why does sulfate form H₂SO₄ instead of HSO₄?

Sulfate has a 2− charge and needs two H⁺ ions

Why does phosphate form H₃PO₄ instead of HPO₄?

Phosphate has a 3− charge and needs three H⁺ ions

Which name is correct: HCl = chloric acid or HCl = hydrochloric acid?

HCl = hydrochloric acid

Which name is correct: H₂SO₃ = sulfurous acid or H₂SO₃ = hydrosulfurous acid?

H₂SO₃ = sulfurous acid

Which name is correct: HClO₄ = perchloric acid or HClO₄ = hydroperchloric acid?

HClO₄ = perchloric acid

Which acid is incorrectly named: HCN = cyanic acid, H₂SO₃ = hydrosulfurous acid, HCl = chloric acid, HClO₄ = hydroperchloric acid?

All are incorrectly named