exam 1 review questions Gross anatomy downstate

The head of ribs articulate with the body of its own vertebrae and the one above, also articulate with transverse process of the vertebra. Anteriorly, the costal cartilages of ribs I to VII articulate with the sternum.

where do ribs articulate?

between the 4th and 5th intercostal space

where is the heart located?

middle cardiac vein

what vein travels with the posterior interventricular artery?

Great cardiac vein

what vein travels with the anterior interventricular artery?

styloid process of ulna

what is pictured here?

cephalic vein

identify the vein visible in his left arm

- The lateral border is formed by the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.
- The medial border is formed by the tendon of the exten-
sor pollicis longus.
- The floor of the impression is formed by the scaphoid
and trapezium, and the distal ends of the tendons of the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis.

what are the muscles making up the anatomical snuffbox?

Scaphoid fracture

what is the most common carpal bone fracture?

the anterior edge of the sacral body that projects forward anteriorly

what is the sacral promontory

The 7th cervical vertebra (C7) is the largest and most inferior vertebra in the neck region. Unlike the other cervical vertebrae, the C7 has a large spinous process that protrudes posteriorly toward the skin at the back of the neck.
This spinous process can be easily seen and felt at the base of the neck, making it a prominent landmark of the skeleton (giving the C7 the name vertebra prominens).

what is the vertebrae prominens C7?

The hemiazygos vein is located in the posterior mediastinum. This is the one that is damaged. The brachioce- phalic veins, trachea, and arch of the aorta are located in the superior mediastinum, whereas the arch of the azygos vein is found in the middle mediastinum.

A 78-year-old patient presents with an advanced cancer in the posterior mediastinum. The surgeons are in a dilemma as to how to manage the condition. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?

Skull Bones
Hyoid bone
Vertebrae [+ sacrum + cc]
Ribs
Sternum

what does the axial skeleton consist of?

126 bones in limbs, shoulders, pelvis

what does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

lack of fusion of the lamina, there are no spinous processes.

what is spina bifida?

cervical vertebrae have trasnverse foramen, thoracic vertebrae have multiple facets for articulation with the ribs, lumbar vertebrae have no transverse foramen and no inferior facets, and long pointy transverse process

how can you differentiate between cervical thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

1. supraspinous ligament
2. intrapsinous ligament
3. ligamentum flavum
4. epidural space
5. dura matter
6. arachnoid matter
7. subarachnoid matter

what are the layers that a needle must pass through in order to extract CSF in a lumbar puncture procedure?

Between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

where is the angle of Louis located?

apex of the heart

where does the mid clavicular line touch on the heart?