Comprehensive Respiratory System: Anatomy, Pathology, and Diagnostic Procedures

Nasal Septum

Divides noses into left and right

Olfactory Receptors

Sense of smell

Frontal Sinus

One of the paranasal sinuses

Sphenoid Sinus

One of the paranasal sinuses

Ethmoid Sinus

One of the paranasal sinuses

Maxillary Sinus

One of the paranasal sinuses

Nasopharynx

Division of the pharynx (throat)

Oropharynx

Division of the pharynx (throat)

Laryngopharynx

Division of the pharynx (throat)

Larynx

Also known as the voice box

Soft Palate

Closes off nasopharynx

Epiglottis

Closes off laryngopharynx

Bronchi

Divides into bronchioles and ends at alveoli

Mediastinum

Area between the lungs; holds the heart

Parietal pleura

Layer of pleural membrane

Visceral pleura

Layer of pleural membrane

Diaphragm

Muscle involved in respiration

Respiration

1 inhalation + 1 exhalation

Chronic Bronchitis

Pathology/disease to know

COPD

Pathology/disease to know

Asthma

Pathology/disease to know

Pleural Effusion

Pathology/disease to know

Pneumothorax

Pathology/disease to know

Atelectasis

Also known as collapsed lung

Pneumonia

Types to know include lobar, aspiration, bacterial, community-acquired, hospital-acquired

Cystic Fibrosis

Named for cysts that form in pancreas

Eupnea

Normal breathing

Apnea

Temporary cessation of breathing

Bradypnea

Abnormally slow breathing

Tachypnea

Abnormally rapid breathing

Dyspnea

Difficult or labored breathing

Hyperpnea

Increased depth and rate of breathing

Hypopnea

Decreased depth of breathing

Hyperventilation

Increased rate and depth of breathing

Anoxia

Lack of oxygen

Hypoxia

Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues

Asphyxia

Condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body

Cyanosis

Patient said to be cyanotic

Bronchoscopy

Diagnostic procedure to visualize the airways

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

Diagnostic procedure to assess lung function

Spirometer

Device used to measure breathing

Pulse Oximeter

Device used to measure oxygen saturation

Endotracheal Intubation

Procedure to place a tube into the trachea

Tracheotomy

Surgical procedure to create an opening in the trachea

Thoracentesis

Procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space

CPAP

Used for sleep apnea

Ambu Bag

Device used to provide positive pressure ventilation

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Treatment involving oxygen at higher than normal pressure

bronch/o, bronch/i

Bronchial tube, bronchus

laryng/o

Larynx, throat

nas/o

Nose

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

Oxygen

pharyng/o

Throat, pharynx

phon/o

Sound, voice

pleur/o

Pleura, side of the body

-pnea

Breathing

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-

Lung, air

pulm/o, pulmon/o

Lung

sinus/o

Sinus

somn/o

Sleep

spir/o

To breathe

thorac/o, -thorax

Chest, pleural cavity

trache/o, trachea

Windpipe, trachea