Statistics and Probability

What is a sample space?

A collection of all possible outcomes of a random experiment.

What are discrete random variables?

Random variables that have either a finite or countable number of values.

What are continuous random variables?

Variables that have infinitely many values.

What is the mean?

The average of a population.

What is the median?

The middle value in a set of data.

What is the mode?

The value that occurs most frequently in a set of data.

What is the range?

The difference between the highest and lowest data values.

What is probability?

The likelihood that something will happen.

What is a random experiment?

An experiment in which the outcome cannot be determined beforehand.

What is a trial?

An action in a random experiment.

What is an outcome?

A possible result of a trial.

What is an event?

A set of possible outcomes.

What is the addition law?

P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B)

What is the multiplication rule?

A rule that applies to both independent and dependent events.

What are frequency distributions?

A list of each category and the number of occurrences for each category of data.

What is standard deviation?

A measure of the deviation between scores and the mean.

What are normal distributions?

Distributions that are normally distributed.

What is the binomial distribution?

A distribution that applies to discrete data in a fixed number of trials with success and failure.

What are random variables?

Variables that can take on different values in a random experiment.

What is hypothesis testing?

Making assumptions about a population parameter and testing if it is true or not.

What is the alternative hypothesis?

The hypothesis that is believed to be true if the null hypothesis is found to be false.

What is the null hypothesis?

The hypothesis that represents the status quo and is believed to be true unless there is overwhelming evidence.

What is the logic of hypothesis testing?

Either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the evidence.

What are left-tailed tests?

Tests where the population mean is less than a specific value.

What are right-tailed tests?

Tests where the population mean is greater than a specific value.

What is a T-test?

A statistical test used to determine if there