Lab Practical 2

Brachiocephalic trunk

Supplies blood to the right side of the head, neck and upper limb.

common carotid arteries

Supplies structures of the head and neck.

external carotid artery

Generally supplies blood to the face, mouth, sinuses and structures of the lateral head

internal carotid artery

Generally supplies blood to structures of the interior of the cranium including the brain, pituitary gland and orbit.

carotid sinus

baroreceptor that senses changes in arterial blood pressure

internal jugular veins

drains blood from the skull, brain, superficial face and most of the neck

external jugular veins

drains blood from superficial skull/head structures and the deep face

anterior jugular veins

Drains blood from the anterior neck

on the front side

brachiocephalic veins

Drains head, neck and upper limb.

facial artery

Supplies blood to the glandular tissue and musculature of the face as well as the overlying skin and fascia.

facial vein

drains blood from structures of the face

superficial temporal artery

Supplies structures within the temporal region - skin, muscles and scalp.

superficial temporal vein

drains blood from the forehead, parietal, temporal regions

subclavian arteries

Supplies structures of the shoulder and upper limb

axillary artery

Supplies blood to structures within the axillary, shoulder and pectoral regions.

brachial artery

Supplies blood to the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, humerus and elbow joint

ulnar collateral arteries

Supplies the medial head of the triceps brachii, cutaneous tissue and elbow joint.

radial collateral arteries

Supplies the brachialis and the brachioradialis muscles, as well as the radial nerve

ulnar artery

Supplies blood to the elbow joint and forearm muscles

radial artery

Supplies muscles on the lateral aspect of the anterior forearm

palmar arch arteries

Supplies blood to the palmar aspect of metacarpals and digits

cephalic vein

basilic vein

axillary veins

subclavian veins

axillary lymph nodes

mediastinal lymph nodes

lingual tonsil

palatine tonsil

pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsil

pharyngeal tonsil

thymus

spleen

aorta

inferior vena cava

right renal artery

left renal artery

right renal vein

left renal vein

right common iliac artery

left common iliac artery

right external iliac artery

left external iliac artery

right common iliac vein

drains blood from pelvic walls, pelvic viscera and lower limb

left common iliac vein

drains blood from pelvic walls, pelvic viscera and lower limb

superior gluteal artery

supplies blood to the ilium, skin of gluteal region, piriformis, gluteus med-max-min

inferior gluteal artery

Supplies blood to the pelvic diaphragm, piriformis, quadratus femoris, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, skin of buttocks and posterior thigh.

popliteal artery

Supplies blood to the knee joint, distal femur, proximal tibia, platella and proximal heads of the gastric, plantaris and the surrounding fascia and skin.

posterior tibial artery

Supplies blood to the muscles of the posterior and lateral lower leg, ankle and foot. Also supplies blood to the tibia and fibula.

anterior tibial artery

Supplies blood to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg, ankle and foot

fibular artery

Supplies blood to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg, ankle and foot

external iliac artery

Supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and lower limb

femoral vein

drains lower limb and delivers blood to the external iliac vein

diaphragm

separates the thorax from abdomen. main muscle of respiration and is essential to the breathing process

hard palate

rooms roof of the mouth and separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

soft palate

comprised of muscle fibers, serves to elevate the nasopharynx

uvula

the end of the soft palate, touching it evokes gag reflex

nasal cavity

humidifies and warms inspired air

superior nasal concha

middle nasal concha

inferior nasal concha

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

what 3 regions make up the pharynx (throat)

nasopharynx

receives auditory tubs and contains pharyngeal tonsil

oropharynx

contains palatine tonsil

laryngopharynx

esophagus begins at this point

larynx (voice box)

houses muscles and ligaments that prevent aspiration and the production of voice

epiglottic cartilage, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage

what are the first three cartilages that make up the framework of the larynx

how many cartilages make up the framework of the larynx

9

epiglottis

epiglottic cartilage

thyroid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

tracheal cartilage

cricothyroid ligament

trachea

main bronchi

superior lobe

superior lobar bronchus

horizontal fissure

middle lobar bronchus

right middle lobe

inferior lobar bronchus

oblique fissure

right inferior lobe

cardiac notch

tidal volume

amount of air inhaled during a normal breath

expiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

amount of air that can be further inhaled after a normal inhalation

residual volume

air left in the lungs after a forced exhalation

vital capacity

maximum amount of air that can be moved in or out of the lungs in a single respiratory cycle

inspiratory capactiy

volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to a normal exhalation

functional residual capacity

volume of air remaining after a normal exhalation

total lung capacity

total volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration

forced expiratory volume

how much air can be forced out of the lungs over a specific time period, usually one second

Total Lung Capacity

In spirometry, TLC stands for

Inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, tidal volume, and residual volume

TLC is the sum of

Active process, inhalation

Diaphragm contracting

Passive process, exhalation

Diaphragm relaxing