Stavovská Monarchie a Historie

A set of flashcards focusing on key terms and definitions related to the history of the Stavovská Monarchie, the Thirty Years' War, and the development of absolute monarchy in Central Europe.

Stavovská monarchie

Political system where the monarch shares power with estates such as nobility, clergy, and townspeople.

Absolutismus

Political system where the monarch holds absolute power without the participation of estates or nobility.

Habsburkové

The ruling dynasty that held power over the Czech lands and much of Europe, particularly during the period of the Thirty Years' War.

Protestanti

Members of Christian reform movements opposed to Catholic Church practices, significant in the Czech lands during the Late Middle Ages.

Magna Charta libertatum

A charter of rights that influenced the development of constitutional governance and human rights.

Švédská fáze

Phase of the Thirty Years' War marked by the entry of Swedish forces, significantly impacting the war's outcome.

Pražská defenestrace

The act of throwing out officials from a window, marking the start of the Czech Rebellion against Habsburg rule in 1618.

Rudolf II.

Holy Roman Emperor known for his support of the arts and science; issued the Edict of 1609 guaranteeing religious freedom.

Bitva na Bílé hoře

A key battle in 1620 that resulted in the defeat of the Czech Estates and the suppression of the Bohemian Rebellion.

Vestfálský mír

The peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648, establishing a new political order in Europe.

Osvícenský absolutismus

A form of absolute monarchy that emerged in the 18th century, combining absolute power with Enlightenment-inspired reforms.

Marie Terezie

The first female ruler of the Habsburg dominions; initiated significant reforms in administration, education, and economy.

Centralizace správy

The process of consolidating administrative power within a central authority, characteristic of absolute monarchies.

Ferdinand II.

Holy Roman Emperor who led the Catholic response during the Thirty Years' War and emphasized re-Catholicization in Bohemia.

Patent o zrušení nevolnictví

A decree issued by Joseph II in 1781 abolishing serfdom, allowing peasants to seek employment freely.

Berní rula

A recording of the property and income of peasants instituted to levy taxes post-war.

Válka o rakouské dědictví

Conflict initiated by the death of Charles VI, leading to disputes over the recognition of Maria Theresa's succession.

Albrecht z Valdštejna

A prominent military leader for the Habsburgs during the Thirty Years' War, known for his strategic brilliance.

Charles Louis Montesquieu

French philosopher advocating for the separation of powers as a counter to absolute monarchy.

Husitské hnutí

Reformist movement in the 15th century led by Jan Hus, advocating for religious and social reforms.

Rekatolizace

The process of restoring Catholicism in regions that had converted to Protestantism, particularly in Czech lands.