Chapter 6, Nonverbal Communication

What is nonverbal behavior?

All the nonverbal actions people perform

What is nonverbal communication?

The sending and receiving of information through appearance, object, the enviornment, and behavior

What are nonverbal cues?

Distinct, organized means of expression that consists of symbols and rules for their use

What are kinesics?

Nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, and eye behavior

What are gestures?

Nonverbal communication made with part of the body, including actions such as pointing, waving, or holding up a hand to direct people’s attention

What ate illustrators?

Signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize the verbal message

What are emblems?

gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning

What are adaptors?

Gestures used to manage emotions

whare are posture and movement?

Kinesics behaviors that communicate messages by how immediate or relaxed they are

What is immediacy?

How close or involved people appear to be with each other

What is relaxation?

The degree of tension displayed by the body

What is paralinguistics?

All aspects of spoken language except for the words themselves; includes rate, volume, pitch, and stress

What are voice qualities?

Qualities such as pitch, rhythm, vocal range, and articulation that make up the “music” of the human voice

What are vocalizations?

Uttered sounds that do not have the structure of language

What is chronemics?

The study of the way people use time as a message

What is proxemics?

The study of how people use spatial cues, including interpersonal distance, territoriality, and other space relationships, to communicate

What does it mean to monochronically use time?

To engage in one task or behavior at a time

What does it mean to polychronically use time?

To engage in multiple activities simultaneously

What is intimate distance?

The space used when interacting with those with whom one is very close (0-18 inches)

What is personal distance?

The space used when interacting with friends and acquaintances (18in - 4ft)

What is social distance?

The distance most US Americans use when they interact with unfamiliar others (4 - 12ft)

What is public distance?

The distance used for public ceremonies such as lectures and performances (12 - 25ft)

What is haptics?

The study of the communicative function of touch

What is professional touch or functional touch?

Type of touch used by certain workers such as dentists, hairstylists, and hospice workers, as part of their livelihood.

What is social-polite touch?

Touch that is part of daily interactions in the United States; it is more intimate than professional touch but is still impersonal

What is friendship touch?

Touch that is more intimate than social-polite touch and usually conveys warmth, closeness, and caring

What is love-intimate touch?

The touch most often used with one’s romantic partners and family

What is demand touching?

A type of touch used to establish dominance and power

What are artifacts?

Physical objects including cars, clothing, and other material items

What is communicating information?

Using nonverbal behaviors to help clarify verbal messages and reveal attitudes and motivation

What is a regulating interaction?

Using nonverbal behaviors to help manage conversational interaction

What is expressing and managing intimacy?

Using nonverbal behaviors to help convey attraction and closeness

What is establishing social control?

Using nonverbal communication to exercise influence over other people

What are service-task functions?

Using nonverbal behavior to signal close involvement between people in impersonal relationships and contexts

What does congruent mean?

Verbal and nonverbal messages that express the same thing

What does contradicting mean?

Verbal and nonverbal messages that send conflicting messages

What is homophily?

Perceived similarity between individuals increases levels of attraction