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Holocaust
The systematic murder of Jews, disabled, Jehovah's witnesses, Gypsies, and other undesirables by the Nazis from 1933 to 1945.
SHOAH
Hebrew word for 'destruction,' used to describe the Jewish experience during the Holocaust.
Treaty of Versailles
A treaty that punished Germany heavily, contributing to the rise of extremist ideologies leading to the Holocaust.
Weimar Republic
Germany’s first democratic government formed after World War I.
NSDAP
National Socialist German Workers Party; Hitler rose to power through this party.
Adolf Hitler
Leader of the NSDAP, who rose to power using oratory skills and anti-Semitism.
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler's failed coup attempt to seize control of Bavaria.
Mein Kampf
Hitler's book outlining his plans and ideologies, including anti-Semitism and the need for Lebensraum.
Third Reich
Period of Nazi rule in Germany from 1933 to 1945 characterized by totalitarianism.
Reichstag Fire
Incident in February 1933 where the German Parliament building was burned down, blamed on Communists.
Enabling Act
Law allowing Hitler to enact laws without parliamentary approval, crucial for establishing his dictatorship.
Eugenics
The science of improving human population through controlled breeding, used to justify discriminatory laws.
Nuremberg Laws
Laws aimed at creating a 'master race' and defining who was considered Jewish.
Kristallnacht
Night of Broken Glass; a pogrom against Jews in November 1938.
Hitler Youth
Organization aimed at indoctrinating German youth with Nazi ideology.
T4 Program
Initiative to exterminate individuals deemed 'unworthy of life,' including the disabled.
Jehovah’s Witnesses
A religious group targeted by the Nazis for their refusal to accept state authority.
Soviet POWs
Soviet prisoners of war faced extreme persecution and high death rates under Nazi rule.
Ghetto
Temporary areas where Jews were confined before deportation or extermination.
Concentration Camp
Facilities for detaining and persecuting Jews and political dissidents under inhumane conditions.
Extermination Camp
Camps designed specifically for the systematic murder of targeted groups, such as Jews.
Dachau
One of the first concentration camps established in Germany, notorious for its brutality.
Reinhard Heydrich
Key architect of the Holocaust and head of the SS, involved in organizing mass extermination.
Josef Mengele
Known for inhumane medical experiments on camp inmates, particularly at Auschwitz.
Degenerate Art
Art deemed unacceptable by the Nazi regime, promoting Aryan ideals.
Collaborators
People and countries that aided in carrying out the Holocaust.
Liberators
Allied forces that freed Jews and territories from Nazi control.
Resistors
Individuals who fought back against Nazi oppression.
Perpetrators
Those who carried out the Holocaust, including the SS and soldiers.
