Introduction to Computers and Programming

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Introduction to Computers and Programming chapter, focusing on hardware, software, data storage, and basic programming understanding.

What is a program?

A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

What is RAM?

Random Access Memory, where a computer stores a program while it is running and data used by the program.

What does the CPU do?

The Central Processing Unit runs programs and is the most important component of a computer.

What are input devices?

Components that collect data from users or other devices, like keyboards and mice.

What are the two general categories of software?

Application software and system software.

What is the fetch-decode-execute cycle?

A cycle where the CPU fetches the next instruction from memory, decodes it, and then executes it.

What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

A compiler translates high-level language to a separate machine language program, while an interpreter translates and executes instructions one at a time.

What is ASCII?

A coding scheme that defines codes for 128 characters.

What is machine language?

The lowest level of programming language, consisting of binary numbers that the CPU can execute.

What is the role of an assembler?

It translates assembly language to machine language for execution by the CPU.