Unit 3.1.3 Exam Biomedical

SARS

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

How disease enters

Eyes, nose, and mouth

S protein

Spike

E protein

Envelope protein

M protein

Membrane protein

Ro < 1

One sick person affects nobody

Ro = 1

One sick person infects 1 person

Ro > 1

One sick person infects a # of people

Neutrophils

Digests pathogens

Lymphocytes

Protects against infections

Monocytes

Engulfs dead cells

Eosinophils

Targets parasite/cancer cells

Basophils

Inflammatory response to allergens

Antigens

Anything that stimulates an immune response

Antibodies/Immunoglobulin

Impairs pathogens

T-cells

Produced by the thymus and involved In the immune response

B-cells

Matures in the bone marrow and produces antibodies

Innate Immunity

Immune mechanisms we are born with

Acquired Immunity

Immunity acquired over a lifetime

Active Immunity

Vaccines

Passive Immunity

Acquired from mother (breast feeding or placenta)

Covid 19 Symptoms: Head

Dry cough, headache, sore throat, nasal congestion

Covid 19 Symptoms: Respiratory

Phelgm from lungs, shortness of breath

Covid 19 Symptoms: Digestive

Nausea, diarrhea

Covid 19 Symptoms: General

Fever, fatigue, bone/joint pain, chills

Digestive Enzymes

Oral enzymes help to kill invaders

Cilia

Invaders are trapped in the mucus and passed up and out. Found in the trachea and lungs

Phagocytes

Patrols the lungs and digest invaders

Stomach Acid

pH of 2 and works to kill invaders

Normal Flora

Lives on the skin and in the intestines to keep invaders out

Secretions

Urine, vaginal discharge, and defecation work to flush organisms