Test 3 PS

Acid

A chemical that donates a hydrogen ion

Base

A chemical accepts a hydrogen ion

Salt

An iconic compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base

strong acids and bases

ionize completely in water

weak acids and weak bases

do not ionize completely in water

water can behave

as a acid or a base

PH

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions

oxidation

The loss of an electron

reduction

the gain of an electron

Losing electrons means

losing hydrogen and gaining oxygen

Ions must be able to flow

to generate a current

The positive electrode

cathode

the negative electrode

anode

electrolysis using electrical energy

to produce chemical change

corrosion

The process where by a metal deteriorates through oxidation

combustion

an oxidation reduction between a non-metallic material such as wood and oxygen

organic chemistry

The study of carbon containing compounds

8 elements account for

98% of earths mass

Oxygen and silicon

make up 75% of earths crust

Minerals

are naturally occurring

Minerals are

generally inorganic

Minerals are classified by

Chemical composition, crystal structure, physical properties, crystal form

Chemical composition

each mineral type has the name basic chemical composition

Crystal structure

each mineral type has the same geometric arrangement of atoms

physical properties

an expression of chemical composition an internal crystal structure

Hardness

is the resistance of minerals to scratching

Bond strength

is determined by the ionic charge atom

the mohs scale

compares the hatness of different minerals

Cleavage

is the property of a mineral to break along planes of weakness

fracture

occurs in minerals where bond strength is generally the same in all directions

color

an obvious feature for many minerals, but it is not reliable for minerals identification

Chemical impurities

can change a minerals color

Density

is the ration of a minerals mass to its volume. ( How heavy it is)