lecture 18b-abdominal contents II

liver

what is the largest organ in the body (in terms of solid organs)

Pyrimidal

describe liver shape

right hypochondriac and epigastric regions

in what regions is the liver located?

40mL per hour

at what rate does the liver secrete bile?

100

the liver has more than ___ additional functions including processing the products of digestion

to left

how is the apex of the liver directed?

at the right

where is the base of the liver?

bare area

what is the part of the diaphragmatic surface that directly contacts the diaphragm?

inferiorly, posteriorly, and to the left

how is the visceral surface of the liver directed?

diaphragmatic surface

what surface contains the fossa or sulcus for inferior vena cava?

gallbladder fossa, visceral areas for esophagus, stomach, pylorus, duodenum, transverse colon, and right kidney

what are the visceral surfaces of the liver?

sharp with two notches

describe the inferior border of the liver

interlobar notch and cystic notch

what are the two notches on the inferior border of the liver?

by noting a series of fissures that form the letter H

how can the visceral surface be best understood?

porta hepatis

what is the horizontal fissure making the letter H on the visceral surface?

deep transverse fissure on the visceral surface separating the caudate and quadrate lobes

what is the porta hepatis?

portal v, hepatic a, hepatic ducts

what does the porta hepatis contain?

cystic notch (gallbladder fossa) and fossa for inferior vena cava

what delineates the right lobe from the other lobe?

R portal v and R hepatic a

what does the right lobe receive?

right hepatic duct

what does the right lobe give rise to?

caudate and quadrate lobes

what are functionally part of the left lobe of the liver?

L portal v, L hepatic a

what does the left lobe of the liver receive?

L hepatic duct

what does the left lobe of the liver give rise to?

above

the caudate lobe lies between the right and left lobes ___ the porta hepatis

the quadrate lobe lies between the right and left lobes ___ the porta hepatis

false ligament, peritoneal derivative connecting the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

what is the falciform ligament?

falciform ligament

what divides the livers into right and left anatomical lobes?

true

is the ligamentum teres hepatis a true or false ligament?

free margin of the falciform ligament

where is the ligamentum teres hepatis located?

obliterated remains of umbilical v

what does the ligamentum teres hepatis represent?

return oxygen and nutrient rich blood from the placenta to the fetus

what was the purpose of the umbilical v?

true (v)

is the ligamentum venosum a true or false ligament?

fibrous remnant of the fetal ductus venosus

the ligamentum venosum represents the...

shunted blood from the umbilical v to the inferior vena cava, short-circuiting the liver

what was the function of the fetal ductus venosus?

left lobe, caudate lobe, quadrate lobe

what does the left hepatic duct drain?

common hepatic duct

what do the right and left hepatic ducts combine to form?

bile duct

the common hepatic duct unites with the cystic duct to form the...

2-4 cm long

how long is the cystic duct?

8-10 cm long

how long is the bile duct?

posterior and superior

where does the bile duct lie in relation to the superior duodenum?

hepatopancreatic ampulla

the bile duct most often joins the pancreatic duct to form the...

descending duodenum (2nd part)

where does the hepatopancreatic ampulla open?

secretion of pancreatic juice and bile

what does the hepatopancreatic sphincter (of Oddi) control?

pear

describe shape of gallbladder

bluish-green sac lying in the gallbladder fossa

what is the gallbladder?

ligamentum teres hepatis and ligamentum venosus

which of the following are true ligaments: ligamentum teres hepatis, falciform ligament, and ligamentum venosus

concentrates bile, stores bile, absorbs bile salts keeping the bile acidic, excretes cholesterol, and secretes mucous

what are the 5 functions of the gallbladder?

fundus, body, neck, cystic duct

what are the structures of the gallbladder?

fundus of the gallbladder

what structure of the gallbladder projects from the inferior border of the liver?

inferiorly

how is the fundus of the gallbladder directed?

where the linea semilunaris meets the costal margin

where is the fundus of the gallbladder located?

superiorly

how is the body of the gallbladder directed?

body

what is the main part of the gallbladder?

neck

what part of the gallbladder becomes continuous with the cystic duct?

spiral folds

what does the neck of the gallbladder contain?

cystic duct

what joins the common hepatic duct to form the bile duct?

2-4cm

how long is the cystic duct?

grayish-pink lobulated gland

describe pancreas

transpyloric plane (L1) posterior to the stomach

where is the pancreas located near?

against posterior abdominal wall between vertebral levels L1 and L3

where does the pancreas lie (include vertebral levels)?

yes (p)

is the pancreas retroperitoneal?

to the right

where is the head of the pancreas directed?

head of pancreas

what structure is located within the concavity of the duodenum?

uncinate process

what is the inferior projection from the head of the pancreas called?

neck of pancreas

which part of the pancreas is continuous with the head and merges into the body?

triangular with anterior, posterior, and inferior surfaces

how does the body of the pancreas appear in cross section?

hilum of the spleen

the tail of the pancreas is the narrow left end located against the...

main and accessory ducts

what are the two different pancreatic ducts?

begins in the tail and turns inferiorly in the head

describe the path of the main pancreatic duct

bile duct (m)

what does the main pancreatic duct join to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

superior part of the head of the pancreas

what does the accessory pancreatic duct drain into the descending part of the duodenum?

yes (pd)

does the accessory pancreatic duct normally connect to the main pancreatic duct?

lien

spleen or ___

soft

is the spleen soft or hard?

soft, purplish, mobile, lymphatic organ

describe the spleen

left hypochondriac, posterior to stomach

in what region is the spleen located?

diaphragm

what does the spleen lie against laterally?

lienorenal ligament

what connects the spleen to the left kidney?

Gastrolienal ligament

what connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach?

9th-11th ribs

what is the spleen protected by?

medially

how is the hilum of the spleen directed?

tail of the pancreas

what is the hilum of the spleen intimately related to?

gastric, renal, colic

what impressions are found on the visceral surface of the spleen?

splenic flexure

what creates the colic impression of the spleen?

superior and convex

describe the diaphragmatic surface of the spleen

gastric area

the superior notched border is found on what area of the spleen?

superior, inferior, and anterior borders

what are the borders of the spleen?

superior border

what border of the spleen contains characteristic notches?

most superior angle

the posterior end of the spleen is the...

anterior border

the colic area makes what border of the spleen?

inferior

the renal area of the spleen makes what border?

flattened, yellowish-brown endocrine glands that sit atop the superior poles of the kidneys

what are the suprarenal glands?

epinephrine (increases HR) and norepinephrine (constricts blood vessels)

what do the suprarenal glands secrete?

bean shaped

what is the shape of the kidneys

extrarenal or perinephric or perirenal fat pads

what are the kidneys encased in?

T12 to L3

the kidneys lie along the vertebral column from...

right, left

the ___ kidney is slightly lower than the ___ kidney

due to their vascular nature

why are the kidneys dark reddish-brown?

convex

describe lateral margin of kidney

concave, contains the hilum

describe medial margin of kidney