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Absolutism
A political system in which a single ruler has absolute power, often exemplified by Louis XIV in France.
Philip IV
The King of Spain whose reign represented the closest attempt to absolute monarchy, but ultimately failed to centralize power.
Prussia
A significant European power that emerged in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, known for its strong military.
Frederick William the Great Elector
The leader who founded the Prussian state and built a large standing army to defend its territory.
General War Commissariat
An agency established by Frederick William to levy taxes for the army and oversee its growth.
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
A state that began to weaken due to internal and external conflicts, including the invasion by Sweden and Russia.
The Deluge
The term used in Polish and Lithuanian history to describe the invasion by Sweden and Russia in 1655.
Charles XI
The Swedish king who reigned for a long time, further expanding Swedish power and territory.
Great Northern War
A conflict from 1700 to 1721 between Sweden and its allies against Russia, which led to Sweden's decline as a great power.
