Alterations in Mobility - NSG 3280 Pathophysiology I

Comprehensive practice vocabulary flashcards covering soft tissue injuries, bone fractures, infections, metabolic disorders, tumors, and muscle-related conditions from NSG 3280 Pathophysiology I.

Inert Soft Tissue

Structures with no ability to contract or relax, including the joint capsule, ligament, bursae, fasciae, dura mater, and nerve roots.

Contractile Soft Tissue

Structures involved in the contraction of muscle, including the muscle, tendon, and bony insertion (enthesis).

Ligament

Dense connective tissue that connects bone to bone, providing stability and guiding motion.

Adhesive Capsulitis

Also known as "Frozen Shoulder," a joint capsule injury characterized by the development of fibrous tissue and thickening of the capsule.

Internal Joint Derangement

Involves injuries such as meniscal tears in the knee, labrum tears in the shoulder, or disk tears in the TMJ.

Bursitis

Inflammation and pain caused by friction within the bursae, often due to repetitive movement or direct trauma.

Tendinitis

Inflammation of the tendon within the sheath where it slides along.

Myositis Ossificans

A condition resulting from blunt trauma where muscle belly bleeding leads to coagulation and calcification.

Compartment Syndrome

Increased pressure within a muscle compartment that reduces blood flow, characterized by the "6 Ps": paresthesia, pain, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness, and poikilothermia.

Transverse Fracture

A fracture that occurs in a straight line at approximately a $90^{\circ}$ angle.

Spiral Fracture

A fracture resulting from rotational force, appearing as an "S" shape around the bone.

Comminuted Fracture

A fracture consisting of multiple bone fragments.

Greenstick Fracture

An incomplete break typically seen in children where the bone buckles and cracks but continuity is intact.

Open (Compound) Fracture

A fracture where the bone is broken and breaks through the skin.

Subluxation

A partial loss of articulating surface contact between bones.

Scoliosis

A lateral curvature of the spine equal to or greater than $10$ degrees.

Osteomyelitis

A pyogenic (pus-producing) infection of the bone, most commonly caused by organisms like Staphylococcus aureus.

Brodie Abscess

A localized bone infection that is encapsulated by scar tissue.

Osteoporosis

A metabolic bone disease where the rate of bone resorption is greater than bone formation, leading to bone density degradation.

Paget Disease

A metabolic bone disease characterized by excessive resorption followed by excessive formation of weak, less structurally compact bone.

Osteomalacia

A condition in adults where Vitamin D deficiency leads to low calcium and abnormal phosphorus levels after epiphyseal plates are closed.

Rickets

A condition in children where nutritional Vitamin D deficiency prevents cartilage in growing epiphyses from calcifying, leading to bowlegs.

Osteochondroma

A hereditary benign bone tumor characterized by bony projections forming from a growth plate defect.

Osteoid Osteoma

A benign tumor often found in the cortex of the tibia or femur that causes dull pain which is worse at night.

Osteosarcoma

A malignant bone-forming tumor that commonly occurs in the metaphyseal region of long bones and often metastasizes to the lung.

Ewing Sarcoma

A rapidly growing malignant tumor located in the medullary canal of bone, most common in children and young adults as well as males aged $5$ to $25$.

Multiple Myeloma

A slow-growing malignant tumor of the bone marrow characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

An X-linked genetic trait where muscle cells are deficient in dystrophin, leading to muscle fiber necrosis and calf enlargement from fat cell infiltration.

Myotonic Dystrophy

An autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and the inability to relax muscles after stimulation.

Osteoarthritis

A progressive, non-inflammatory disease of diarthrodial joints involving the loss of articular cartilage and formation of subchondral bone.

Psoriatic Arthritis

An inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis, characterized by dactylitis (fusiform swelling of digits) and onycholysis of nails.

Gout

An imbalance in uric acid metabolism leading to the deposit of urate salts (tophi) in articular or subcutaneous tissue.