Botany Lab Final

Lamiaceae

Quadrangular stems
zygomorphic flowers (bilateral symmetry)
aromatic (mint)
opposite leaves with serrate margins
didynamous stamens (four stamens arranged in 2 pairs of different lengths)

Brassicaceae

T-shaped hairs
alternate leaves
mostly actinomorphic (radial symmetry)
cruciform petals
mustard oils
tetradynamous

Caryophyllaceae

swollen nodes
opposite leaves, transverse line
“pinked” petals
perfect, actinomorphic flowers
free-central placentation

Magnoliaceae

large solitary flowers
scarring on receptacle and stipule site
caducous flowers
alternate leaves
tepals

Ranunculaceae

alternate, compound leaves
aggregate of follicles (fruit)
hypogenous flowers
numerous stamens and carpels
petaloid sepals

Liliaceae

Spots or lines on petals
parallel venation on leaves
bulbs
contractile roots

Rosaceae

thorns
5-merous
leaves with gland-tipped teeth
calyx, corolla, and stamens form hypanthium

Oleaceae

trichomes that are peltate scales
fragrant
opposite leaves
radial symmetry
4-merous (but 2 stamens)
woody

Malvaceae

palmate venation
stellate pubescence
mucilagenous sap
alternate, stipulate leaves
2 calyx (epicalyx)

Papaveraceae

colored sap
wrinkled petals
overlapping petals
alternate, spiral leaves
2-3 caducous sepals

Ericaceae

Alternate, opposite, or whorled leaves
coriaceous or heath-like leaves
connate petals, often urn-shaped
flowers usually hang downward

Geraniaceae

nectar producing spur
persistent, elongate column
5-merous (petals and sepals)
beak-like schizocarp fruit
deeply lobed leaves

Fabaceae

alternate, often compound leaves with stipules
short hypanthium
5-merous with 1 differentiated petal
1 carpel
fruit is legume
bilateral symmetry

Amborella

carpels grow around the flower and fuse together

Illiaceae

poorly-defined stamens
distinct smell of anise
aggregate of 1-seeded follicles

Nymphaceae

large, submerged rhizomes
alternate, simple leaves
long petiolate and floating blade
air canals in stems
tepals (4-12)

Asteraceae

herbaceous
capitulate
no sepals; only involucral bracts
disc and ray flowers
anthers are connivent
bifurcated style

Cycadaceae

circinnate leaflets
bifricated stems, curled leaflets

Zamiaceae

large, pinnately compound, leathery leaves
cones present

Gnetaceae

mostly lianas and vines
prototype vessels

Welwitschiaceae

2 persistent leaves from basal/lateral meristem

Ginkgoaceae

deciduous, fan-shaped leaves
fruits smell bad

Ephedraceae

shrubs or vines
small, soon non-functional leaves

Pinaceae

needle-like leaves
female cones woody, pendent, and dioecious

Cypressaceae

scale or awl-like, opposite, or whorled leaves
cones woody or berry-like

Taxaceae

seeds solitary, surrounded by aril
flattened needles

Solanaceae

alternate, usually simple leaves
sulfurous odor when crushed
calyx persistent on fruit
sympetalous corolla that looks like a wheel
filaments adnate to corolla tube

Apiaceae

herbaceous
hollow internodes
ribbed stems
aromatic
alternate, compound, and highly dissected leaves
double umbel inflorescence
reduced hypanthium

Arecaceae

spirally arranged coriaceous leaves
persistent with large basal sheath
its just a palm

Poaceae

swollen nodes with hollow internodes
round internodes
basal or cauline, alternate leaves
2-ranked, linear blades
flowers are spikelets
caryopsis or grain as fruit

Cornaceae

woody
hairs y or t-shaped
typically opposite leaves
enlarged, showy bracts

sepals usually only small teeth
nectar disc atop ovary
4-merous
radially symmetrical

Lauraceae

woody
aromatic
3-merous
radially symmetric
distinctly concave, persistent receptacle
greenish-yellow flowers
anthers have flaps to release pollen

Convolvulaceae

climbing herbs
milky sap
funnelform flowers
fused petals
pleated folds in bud

Santalaceae

jointed stems
coriaceous leaves
mostly dioecious flower inside crater

Hydnoraceae

leafless parasite and parasitic conifer

Violaceae

herbaceous
alternate or basal leaves
serrate to deeply lobed leaves
stipulate
“honey guides”
2 lateral petals bearded, lowermost spurred
style may be bent or clubbed at apex

Roridulaceae

sticky, globular trichomes

Droseraceae

hairs stalked, gland-headed, sticky
circinnate leaves (tightly coiled like a scroll)
bisexual, radial, basal, 5-merous

Lentibulariaceae

submerged, herbaceous plant
submerged air bladders capture prey

Sarraceniaceae

herbs and sub-shrubs
alternate and spiral, highly modified leaves
ridge or laminar wing w/ hoodlike blade
retrose hairs on inner surface
flowers pendent and usually solitary
style is peltate
pitcher plant

Nepenthaceae

Tendril of leaf becomes pitcher
leaves are like sheathed esque

Fumariaceae

4-merous petals with 2 whorls
6 stamens in bundles of 3
alternate, pale green, and deeply compound or lobed leaves

Lamiaceae

Brassicaceae

Caryophyllaceae

Magnoliaceae

Ranunculaceae

Liliaceae

Rosaceae

Oleaceae

Malvaceae

Papaveraceae

Ericaceae

Geraniaceae

Fabaceae

Amborella

Nymphaeaceae

Illiaceae

Asteraceae

Cycadaceae

Zamiaceae

Ginkgoaceae

Gnetaceae

Ephedraceae

Welwitschiaceae

Pinaceae

Cypressaceae

Taxaceae

Solanaceae

Apiaceae

Arecaceae

Poaceae

Cornaceae

Lauraceae

Convovulaceae

Loranthaceae

Orobanchaceae

Santalaceae

Hydnoraceae

Violaceae

Roridulaceae

Droseraceae

Cephalotaceae

Lentibulariaceae

Sarraceniaceae

Nepenthaceae

Fumariaceae