Chemistry Lecture Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts in Chemistry from the lecture notes.

Chemistry

The study of matter and the transformations it undergoes.

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Basic Research

Research used to further knowledge about how the natural world operates.

Applied Research

Research that uses basic knowledge to develop applications.

Scientific Method

A system of analyzing the world and compiling data to understand nature.

Scientific Hypothesis

A testable assumption.

Experiment

Tests designed to prove or disprove a hypothesis.

Theory

The results of a tested hypothesis that has been proven to be true.

Customary System

Measurement system used in the US, including inches, pounds, quarts, and Fahrenheit.

Systeme International (SI)

Metric measurement system used in most of the world, including meters, grams, liters, and Celsius.

Law of Mass Conservation

No detectable change in total mass when materials react chemically to form new materials.

Dalton's Atomic Theory

1. Each element consists of indivisible particles called atoms. 2. Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. 3. All atoms of a given element are identical. 4. Atoms of different elements have different masses.

Inertia

The resistance of an object to change in its motion; more mass equals more inertia.

Weight

Gravitational force exerted on an object by the closest massive body.

Volume

The amount of space an object occupies.

Density

Relates mass and volume; calculated as Density = mass/volume.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion.

Potential Energy

Stored energy.

Temperature

A measure of how hot or cold something is, typically measured in Celsius or Kelvin.

Heat

The total energy of a substance, dependent on the average energy of its molecules.

Phases of Matter

States of matter: solids, liquids, and gases, differentiated by their shape and volume properties.

Boyle's Law

As the pressure on a gas increases, its volume decreases.

Charles's Law

As the temperature increases, the volume a gas occupies also increases.

Avogadro's Law

More gas particles occupy more space.

Ideal Gas Law

Combines Boyle’s, Charles’s and Avogadro’s Laws; PV=nRT.