Plants Knowledge Organiser Review

A set of flashcards covering plant biology, including photosynthesis equations, reproductive structures, the characteristics of living things (MRS NERG), and seed dispersal mechanisms.

What is a bud?

A newly formed flower.

What is the role of chlorophyll in leaves?

A green chemical inside leaves that uses sunlight energy to make food.

Why do leaves change colour in autumn?

Most plants stop making food and the chlorophyll breaks down to reveal other colours.

What is fertilisation in plants?

When pollen and eggs join to make seeds.

What is a fertilizer?

Extra nutrients added to soil to help plants grow.

What part of the plant contains the reproductive organs?

The flower.

How does a fruit form?

A seed grows, the petals fall off, and the remaining ovary grows into fruit while the seeds develop.

What is germination?

When a seed starts to grow and a tiny root and shoot begin to sprout.

Describe the process of insect pollination.

When an insect visits a flower to feed, pollen from a stamen sticks to its body and is then rubbed onto a stigma.

What are the three specific nutrients mentioned that plants need to grow?

$\text{nitrogen}$, $\text{potassium}$, and $\text{phosphorus}$.

What is the purpose of petals?

They are the bright and colourful outer part of the flower used to attract insects.

Define photosynthesis.

A chemical process in which plants and algae use energy from sunlight to turn $\text{water}$ from the ground and $\text{carbon dioxide}$ gas from the air into food ($\text{glucose}$ and starch).

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

$$\text{carbon dioxide} + \text{water} \xrightarrow{\text{light}} \text{glucose} + \text{oxygen}$$

What waste product is released during photosynthesis?

$\text{oxygen}$ gas.

Define pollination.

The way plant pollen gets from a stamen to a stigma.

What are the functions of a plant's root?

It fixes the plant in the ground and takes in $\text{water}$ and nutrients from the soil.

What are the four methods of seed dispersal?

Animal, wind, $\text{water}$, and explosive.

What is the flower's male organ called?

The stamen.

What is the flower's female organ called?

The stigma.

What is the function of the stem or trunk?

It supports leaves and flowers and carries food and $\text{water}$ to them.

What does the acronym MRS NERG or MRS GREN represent?

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Nutrition, Excretion, Reproduction, and Growth.

In the context of MRS NERG, what is respiration?

The process of using $\text{oxygen}$ to turn food into energy.

What are the four requirements for photosynthesis?

Sunlight, chlorophyll, $\text{water}$, and $\text{carbon dioxide}$.

List four adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis.

1. Big surface area for absorbing light. 2. Chloroplasts located mostly near the top. 3. Veins to deliver $\text{water}$ and take $\text{glucose}$ away. 4. Stomata (small holes) for gas exchange.

What is the function of stomata?

Small holes used for gas exchange, allowing $\text{carbon dioxide}$ in and $\text{oxygen}$ out.

Which part of the stamen produces male sex cells?

The Anther (which contains pollen).

What are the components of the carpel (female parts)?

Stigma, style, and ovary (containing ovules).

What is the role of the sepals?

To protect the flower in the bud.

Explain the process of fertilisation after pollen lands on the stigma.

A pollen tube grows through the style, and the male sex cell nucleus travels through the tube to join with the female sex cell nucleus inside the ovule.

What are three characteristics of wind-pollinated flowers?

Dull petals, no scent, and feathery stigmas to catch pollen.

What are the three parts of a seed?

Embryo plant, food store, and a hard seed coat.

How is a fair test ensured when investigating seed dispersal?

By keeping some variables the same each time you repeat the experiment (e.g., the height the seed is dropped from).