eap all voc

irrigation

a means of supplying water for agriculture

arable

suitable for growing crops

desertification

the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture

sheaf

(1) Noun: a bundle of grain stalks laid lengthways and tied together after reaping/harvesting; or, a bundle of one kind, especially papers; (2) Verb: to bundle into sheaves

ornithology

the scientific study of birds

longitude

the angular distance east or west on the earth's surface

precipitation

water that falls to the earth's surface

maintenance

the process of keeping something in good condition

to deplete

to decrease the supply of a resource or material

immersion

instruction based on extensive exposure to surroundings or conditions that are native or pertinent to the object of study especially foreign language instruction in which only the language being taught is used

non-verbal cues

perceptual information communicated in a social exchange by signs accompanying the words used in speech (including body language, tone, inflection, and other elements of voice, dress, etc.)

target language

the language into which a text, document, or speech is translated

multilingualism

the situation in which a person has command of, or a community uses, two or more languages

plurilingualism

situation where someone knows multiple languages and can switch between them at will

productive

"1) causing or providing a good result or a large amount of something

endoglossic

denoting or relating to an indigenous language that is used as the first or official language in a country or community

exoglossic

denoting or relating to a non-indigenous language that is used as an official or second language in a particular country or community

translanguaging

switching from one language to another

phonological loop

the part of our working memory system that handles auditory and verbal information, including language and music

code switching

the practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation

metalinguistic skills/abilities

skills/abilities that show awareness and control of linguistic components of language

summative assessment

analysis of a student's learning at a certain point in time (often after a unit or a year of studying) to test the momentary knowledge and level of learning of the student

incidental learning

acquiring knowledge as a by-product of reading, listening, writing or speaking

proficiency

having achieved certain skills or knowledge at a high level

suprasegmental

denoting a feature of an utterance other than the consonantal and vocalic components, for example (in English) stress and intonation

nominalization

a noun phrase generated from another word class, usually a verb

paralinguistic

relating to communication through ways other than words, for example tone of voice, expressions on your face and actions

Americanism

a word or phrase that is typical of/ that originated in the USA

echolalia

In psychology, the repetition of words just spoken by another person, occurring during an early stage of language development in children and in individuals with certain neurodevelopmental, neurological, or mental conditions

maverick

an unorthodox or independent-minded person

ruminate

to think deeply about something

intuitively

by means of unconscious reasoning

consciously

with awareness of one's actions

cognizant

aware, mindful

inadvertent

not focusing the mind on a matter, not intentional

overestimate

to think that something is or will be greater, more extreme or more important than it really is

expertise

expert skill or knowledge; expertness; know-how

legitimate

"1) conforming to rules or allowed by law

reminiscent

"1) tending to remind one of something

paradoxical

in a way that seems impossible or difficult to understand because of containing two opposite facts or characteristics

extraneous

irrelevant or unrelated to the subject being dealt with

get/come to grips with

to confront squarely, to begin to or make an effort to understand, accept, and deal with a difficult or problematic person, thing, or situation.

to contemplate

to consider thoughtfully

to devise

to work out a plan

precedence

"1) the condition of being dealt with before other things or of being considered more important than other things

to ascertain

to find something out

a misconception

a mistaken belief

apocryphal

false, fictitious, wrong

admission

the act of admitting or allowing to enter

appraisal

the act of examining someone or something in order to judge their qualities, success, or needs

aptitude (for)

A natural ability to do something.

consolidate

to make something stronger/more certain

converge

to meet at one point, to become equal to something

constitute

to be or form something

enquiry

the act of asking questions to gain information; an act of asking for information (inquiry AmE)

encapsulate

to express or show the most important facts about something

incontestable

not disputable

establish

to show or prove something

miscalibration

inaccurate or incorrect determination

generalize

to deduce conclusions from particular examples

presupposition

something that you believe to be true and use as the beginning of an argument even though it has not been proved; the act of believing it is true

probe

to try to discover information that other people do not want you to know, by asking questions carefully and not directly

pertinent

relating directly to the subject being considered

putative

generally thought to be or to exist, even if this may not really be true

ramification

the possible results of an action

recognition

"1) agreement that something is true or legal

tentative

"1) not certain or fixed

unambiguous

expressed in such a way that what is meant is completely clear

fraudulently

in a way that intends to deceive by doing something dishonest and illegal

substantiate

to provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something

congruity

"1) the quality of being the same as, or in agreement with, other facts or principles

conjecture

"1) an opinion offered on insufficient presumptive evidence; an unverified supposition put forth to account for something

in sync(hronisation) (with)

two things happen simultaneously and in harmony; two things matching and working together

notably

especially, particularly

engender

to cause to exist or to develop

to indicate

to show, point or make clear in another way; to suggest something

mnemonic

a system such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations which assists in remembering something

portend

to be a sign that something bad is likely to happen in the future

patently

in a way that is clear, in a readily visible or intelligible way

convolution

(1) a thing that is complex and difficult to follow; (2) a coil or twist; the state of being or process of becoming coiled or twisted

similitude

the quality or state of being similar to something

to aggregate

to collect together into a whole

to derive

to come from

to coincide

to happen at the same time

to undergird

(1) to secure or fasten from the underside, especially by a rope or chain passed underneath; (2) provide support or a firm basis for (in argumentation)

to construe

to interpret

to contest

to challenge

attenuate

to make something less or weaker

conceptual

based on ideas or principles

conscientious

"1) meticulous, careful

correlation

a similarity, a connection between two or more things

encompass

to include different types of things

encroach

to take control or possession of something in a gradual way and often without being noticed, to intrude on something

entail

to involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence

attentiveness

the action of paying close attention to something

garner

to obtain something respected or valuable, mostly with much difficulty

hedge

to formulate something in an evasive way

infer

to conclude something about something from facts

salient

the salient facts about something or qualities of something are the most important things about them

pervade

to spread through something completely, to exist in every part