Network and Data Management

Computer network

Two or more objects sharing resources and information

Computer Network

Computers, terminals, and servers that are interconnected by communication channels

- Geographic classification

- Component role classification

Network classifications:

- Local area network (LAN)

- Wide area network (WAN)

Geographic classification:

- Peer-to-Peer Network

- Server-Based Network

- Client-Based Network

Component role classification:

Local Area Network (LAN)

It is a small area networked with a series of cables or

wireless access points that allow computers to share

information and devices on the same network

Local Area Network (LAN)

These are the least expensive to install, much faster than

WANs, and have the fastest communication technology

Wide Area Network (WAN)

It is a network that spans a large area

Wide Area Network (WAN)

It is used to connect computers that are not physically

attached but are connected through other means

Peer-To-Peer Network

Each computer on the network is considered equal

Peer-To-Peer Network

It is the most popular small office or home network

configuration because it is the least expensive and simplest

to set up

Server-Based Network

There is a centralized computer (server) that controls the

operations, files, and sometimes the programs of the attached computers in the network

Client-Based Network

Similar to a server-based network, however, the server processes as requested by the client and returns only the result back to the client

1. Computers

2. Network Connectivity

3. Network Communication

Network system is composed of:

1. Server

2. Thin client

3. Thick client

Three types of computers:

Server

It manages resources for other computers, servers, and

networked devices

Thin client

It is a device that is found on a network that requests services

and resources from a server

Thick client

It is a computer that can work independently of the network,

process, and manage its own files

1. Coaxial Cable

2. Twisted-Pair Wire

3. Fiber-Optic Cable

4. Wireless Connections

Communication Mediums:

Coaxial cable

It consists of a center conducting wire surrounded by insulation, and then a grounded shield or braided wire

Coaxial cable

It is the sturdiest wire used and is often found in the network infrastructure throughout a building

Coaxial cable

It is often connected to another type of communication

medium before it meets the device interface

Twisted-pair wire

It usually consists of four twisted pairs of copper wires that

are insulated and bundled together

Category 5

Twisted-pair wire: The minimum recommended is ..., and it is the most

commonly used connection medium in LANs

Fiber optics cable

It uses glass threads to transmit data on the network

Fiber Optics cable

It consists of a fiber optic core that is surrounded by a plastic

protective covering

Fiber optics cable

This communication medium is much faster than its metal counterparts, but more

expensive and much more fragile

Wireless connection

The connection is made by using either infrared or radio frequencies as its means of communication

Wireless connection

There is no physical cabling needed, but each device must

contain the appropriate wireless transmitter/receiver

Network Interface Card (NIC)

It provides the physical connection between the computer and

the network medium

Network Interface Card (NIC)

It works with networking software to establish and manage

the data, chop up data, and handle addressing issues

Network Hub

It is the simplest device that can be used to connect several

pieces of equipment together for network communication purposes

Network hub

It has several wiring ports available to receive and transmit

data to various connected pieces of equipment

Network switch

It is similar to a hub, but it sends data only to those devices

which data is directed

Network bridge

It is sometimes created so that larger networks to reduce traffic within that network

Network router

It can read portions of messages and direct them to their

intended target, even if the device is on a separate network

and uses a different network protocol

Network router

It also helps with segmenting the network to allow access only for approved devices within that segment

Topology

It is the physical or geometric layout of the connected devices

within a specific network

1. Bus Network Topology

2. Ring Network Topology

3. Star Network Topology

4. Mesh Network Topology

Different types of Network Topolgy:

Bus network topology

Network Topology: All devices are physically attached to and listen for communications on a single wire

Bus network topology

Network Topology: This does not need any switches or hubs because computers

broadcast and receive information down a single wire

Ring network topology

Network Topology: It is a network in which devices are connected in a circle

Ring network topology

The computers are connected in a circle, and a token is

transmitted around the ring (token ring)

Star network topology

Network Topology: It is a network that has devices connected to a central hub or

switch

Star network topology

Network Topology: This transmission of data may be through another hub or

switch to an adjacent network or directly to the device

Star network topology

It is the most commonly used network topology

Mesh Network Topology

Network topology: It is a network that has multiple pathways interconnecting

devices and networks

Mesh Network Topology

Network topology: This has redundancy built in with multiple connections

Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM)

It has become an almost universally accepted standard for

exchanging medical images among networked medical

devices

Health Level 7 (HL-7)

It is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

accredited Standards Developing Organization (SDO)

Health Level 7 (HL-7)

It oversees most clinical and administrative data and is

generally used in communication between HIS and RIS

Hospital Information System (HIS)

holds the patient's full medical information, from

hospital billing to the inpatient ordering system

Radiology Information System (RIS)

holds all the radiology-specific patient data, from

patient scheduling information to the radiologist's dictated and transcribed report