Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the key concepts and terms for the Fundamentals of Nursing final exam based on the provided lecture notes.

Accountability

Being responsible for one's own actions.

Advocacy

Protecting patient rights.

Burnout

Emotional and physical exhaustion resulting from prolonged stress.

Autonomy

Independent nursing actions or the respect for a patient's self-determination.

Patient-centered care

An approach where the patient is the focus of all care provided.

Benner’s Stage 1: Novice

The beginning stage of nursing proficiency.

Benner’s Stage 2: Advanced Beginner

The second level of nursing proficiency.

Benner’s Stage 3: Competent

The third level of nursing proficiency.

Benner’s Stage 4: Proficient

The fourth level of nursing proficiency.

Benner’s Stage 5: Expert

The final level of nursing proficiency.

Nursing Process (ADPIE)

A systematic method consists of 1. Assessment, 2. Diagnosis, 3. Planning, 4. Implementation, and 5. Evaluation.

Subjective Data

Symptoms that the patient says, such as "I have pain."

Objective Data

Measurable findings such as a BP of $180/90$.

Nursing Diagnosis Formula

Problem + related to + evidence (e.g., Impaired skin integrity related to immobility as evidenced by open wound on coccyx).

SMART Goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timed.

ABCs Priority Framework

1. Airway, 2. Breathing, 3. Circulation.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

1. Physiological needs, 2. Safety, 3. Love and belonging, 4. Esteem, 5. Self actualization.

NANDA-I

The nursing diagnosis system.

Collaborative problem

A problem that requires both nursing and provider intervention.

Chain of Infection

1. Infectious agent, 2. Reservoir, 3. Portal of exit, 4. Mode of transmission, 5. Portal of entry, 6. Susceptible host.

HAIs (Health Care-Associated Infections)

Include CAUTI, CLABSI, VAP, and SSI.

Colonization

The presence of an organism without the presence of disease.

Inflammation

A protective response to injury or infection.

Convalescence

The recovery stage following an infection.

Aspiration

Inhaling fluids or food into the lungs.

Perineal care

The cleaning of the genital area.

Body mechanics

Proper movement used to prevent injury.

Dysuria

Painful urination.

Oliguria

Low urine output.

Polyuria

Excessive urine output.

Melena

Black, tarry stool.

Hematochezia

Bright red blood in the stool.

Pressure Injury Stage 1

Nonblanchable redness with skin intact.

Pressure Injury Stage 2

Partial-thickness skin loss characterized by a blister or open sore.

Pressure Injury Stage 3

Full-thickness skin loss where fat is visible.

Pressure Injury Stage 4

Full-thickness skin loss with muscle or bone exposed.

Unstageable Pressure Injury

A wound covered with slough or eschar.

Serous Drainage

Clear wound drainage.

Sanguineous Drainage

Bloody wound drainage.

Serosanguineous Drainage

Wound drainage that is clear with blood.

Purulent Drainage

Drainage containing pus.

Braden Scale

A tool used to assess pressure injury risk.

Eschar

Black, dead tissue.

Slough

Yellow, dead tissue.

RACE Mnemonic

Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish/Evacuate.

PASS Mnemonic

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.

Nocturia

Nighttime urination.

Contracture

Permanent shortening of a muscle.

Vital Sign: Tachycardia

HR >$100$.

Vital Sign: Bradycardia

HR <$60$.

Vital Sign: Tachypnea

RR >$20$.

Vital Sign: Bradypnea

RR <$12$.

BMI Formula

$$\text{weight (lb)} / ext{height (in)}^2 imes 703$$

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing.

Hypokalemia

Low potassium level.

Hyperkalemia

High potassium level.

Hypovolemia

Low circulating fluid volume.

Hospice

Comfort management only, usually for those with <$6$ months to live.

Palliative Care

Maintaining comfort while still treating a disease.

Nonmaleficence

The ethical principle of doing no harm.

Negligence

A legal term for the failure to provide a reasonable level of care.

SBAR

Communication tool consisting of Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation.