Internet and the World Wide Web

Internet

a network of computer netorks

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

a US DOD network beginning in 1969; a wide area network set up by the DOD , played an integral part in the development of Internet protocols; developed packet switching technology, allowing the Internet to work efficiently and quickly

Internet Service Providers (ISP)

compose the Internet, provide network services to end-users for a monthly fee

backbone networks

ISPs that exist solely to connect to the major networks of other service providers

packets

transmit information on the internet; contains the sending and receiving addresses for the information and its sequences within the message

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

the basic protocol used for sending information over the Internet

Transport Control Protocol (TCP)

another protocol used in conjunction with IP responsible for breaking the file or message into packets

Internet Protocol (IP)

standardized set of rules for transmitting packets, telling each packet where to go

IP address

given to every computer that accesses the Internet; four sets of numbers separated by dots

domain name

used for commercially used computers (.edu, .mil, .org, .gov etc.)

types of Internet service

communication

information retrieval

World Wide Web

streaming audio and video

a communication service that allows the user to hear and see information as it is transmitted instead of waiting for packets to arrive

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

provides access to a remote computer for retrieval of files; involves file transfer between computers

Archie

a software tool that allows a user to search for files at a remote computer

gopher

a software tool that allows users to locate other linked gopher files on Internet servers

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

a standard for the electronic exchange of business documents such as invoices and purchase orders

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTP)

the transfer protocol for defining how messages are formatted and transmitted on the Web

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

specifies the domain name of a web site possibly followed by the page identifier within the web site

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

the computer programming language used to create web pages

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

the protocol for how servers and computers communicate; mostly used as the protocol for Internet users wanting to view web pages

browser/web browser

a program that allows the user to navigate the World Wide Web (Explorer, Chrome, Fire Fox, etc.)

search engine

a program that allows the user to enter words/phrases, the software returns a list of links to websites that contain said words/phrases

webcrawler

an application that traverses the web automatically collecting links to be used later by the search engine

metasearch engine

submits a query to multiple search engines simultaneously

phishing

when a hacker sends an email leading a user to a seemingly legitimate site and asks them to enter personal information

pharming

when a hacker redirects a user to a fake website in order to steal personal informaiton

spoofing

when a user alters or obscures their identity

flaming

sending abusive or obscene email

malware

software which is intended to damage or harm a computer

virus

a type of malware that attaches itself to a file or program and is passed between computers as the file is oppened

Trojan horse

a program that appears useful to the computer user, but steal information or harms the computer upon installation

worm

a type of virus which does not require human action or travel; spreads between computers using information on a person's computer

firewall

a barrier between computers that scans incoming data to be sure it meets security requirements and protects against hackers; mainly deal with incoming information

antivirus software

scans programs for dangerous material already on a computer