chemistry wa2 notes

fossil fuels

contains carbon and hydrogen

equation of carbon dioxide

fossil fuels + oxygen = carbon dioxide

natural gas

consist of methane + cleanest fossil fuels

equation of natural gas

methane + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

non - renewable energy

limited quantities and required a long time to produce

crude oil

contains a mixture of hydrocarbons

separation of crude oil

fractional distillation

top of the fractionating column

• smaller molecules with fewer carbon atoms

• low boiling point

• example = fuels for cooking and heating

bottom of the fractionating column

• bigger molecules with more carbon atoms

• high boiling point

• example = for making road surfaces

biofuels

renewable energy source

biofuels formation

comes from plants and animals

example of biofuels

ethanol / bioethanol ( comes from fermentation of sugar from sugarcane )

equation when burning ethanol

ethanol + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water

homologus series

family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties as they have the same functional group

alkane

hydrocarbons that contains only single carbon - carbon bond and carbon - hydrogen bonds

general formula

CnH2n+2

example of alkane

methane = CH4

propane = C3H8

ethane = C2H6

properties of alkane

low melting and boiling points

weak forces of attraction