Cognitive Systems and Perception in AI and Psychology

Flashcards covering key concepts related to cognitive systems, perception, and cognitive psychology.

Cognitive system

A self-driving car that processes visual data and adjusts its steering without human input.

Computer Science / AI

Research on chatbots that mimic human reasoning patterns using algorithms.

Philosophy

The study of whether machines can truly experience consciousness.

Human-Computer Interaction

The redesign of an app layout to reduce user confusion and improve navigation.

Representation

The process where the brain matches incoming sensory input to stored internal patterns.

Long-term memory

Storage that is not successfully achieved if information is forgotten a week later.

Representation manipulation

The application of stored symbols and rules to solve problems.

Working memory

Mental repetition of information just long enough to perform a task, like dialing a phone number.

Chunking

Grouping information into units, such as remembering 'FBI, CIA, NBA'.

Distributed cognition

Using instruments, maps, and co-pilots for navigation rather than solely relying on internal thoughts.

Emergent property

A coordinated pattern formed by a group without individual intention.

Perception involves interpretation

The ability to interpret the same stimulus differently based on past experiences.

Transduction

The conversion of light into electrical signals processed by the brain.

Rods

Photoreceptors that enable vision in low light but struggle with color distinction.

Intromission Theory

The theory that vision occurs through light reflecting off objects entering the eyes.

Ventral stream

The brain pathway responsible for identifying what an object is.

Dorsal stream

The brain pathway involved in adjusting physical actions like catching a moving ball.

Depth perception

Recognizing distance through size and occlusion cues.

Echolocation

Using sound to navigate, demonstrated by blind individuals.

Cognitive level

Behavioral modeling using IF-THEN rules.

Hebbian learning

The principle that repeated practice strengthens neural connections.

Biological level

Explaining behavior by focusing on neurotransmitters over cognitive thoughts.

Reductionism

The belief that all mental processes can be explained solely by brain activity.

Syntax

The set of rules that dictate sentence structure in language.

Pragmatics

Understanding meaning based on context, such as indirect requests.

Phoneme

The basic unit of sound that distinguishes meaning, like 'b' vs 'p'.

Morphology

The study of how adding endings to words alters their meanings.

Parsing

The technique for breaking down sentence structure into its components.

Habit system

Conducting familiar tasks, like driving a usual route, automatically.

Reflex

An immediate response, like pulling away from a hot surface.