POLS-Y 100 American Political Controversies Final Exam

Contraversy

a debate, discussion of opposing opinions, strife.

Context

circumstances that surround a situation

Polarization

Division into two opposite positions

Conta orgin meaning

against or in comparison

Vertere

attack, dispute the opposite view

True or false- Republicans and democrats are more divided along ideological lines than at any point in the last 2 decades

true

true or false- dislike between the parties has been growing

true

true or false- middle ground has shrunk

true

Partisan Engagement

- Political participation is strongly related to ideology and partisan antipathy

- People on the ideological right and left are considerably more likely to be politically engaged than those who are ideologically mixed.

gun control

regulating firearms

gun rights

individual right to own/carry guns

"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state." would be used to support...

gun control

"the right of people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." would be used to support

gun rights

District of Columbia v Heller 2008

the 2nd amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with militia.

United States v. Miller 1939

does not guarentee an individual right to keep/bear firearm.

Roe v Wade 1973

right to abortion is constitutional, right to privacy

Dobbs V Jackson 2022

overturned roe v wade, not constitutional, states can decide

Capital Punishment

killing of a person by judicial process

how many retentionists of the death penalty

55

how many abolitionists of the death penalty

112

Which country has most executions

China

retribution

a repayment; a deserved punishment

Deterent

something that discourages

Social Values

eye for an eye or an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.

execution of Rainey Bethea

last public execution, august 14th, 1936

Furman V Georgia (1972)

death penalty was unconstitutional

Gregg V Georgie

death penalty was constutional

Whats the most popular way of execution

lethal injection

what was the first execution in the US

John Billington 1630

Who was the first teenager executed

1642, Thomas Granger, caught having sex with animals

in 2022 what percent of wealth did the 1% have

54%

how does the public think wealth distrubution is in the US

more spread out than what it really is.

What makes the 1% rich

public policys

Capital Gains and dividends are taxed ___________ salaries and wages.

less than

What percent are capital gains taxed at?

23.8%

What percent are dividends and interests taxed at?

28.6%

What percent is income tax taxed at?

31.5%

Undeserving poor

those who are morally responsible for their poverty ( moral defects, single parent families, high school dropouts, character flaws)

Deserving Poor

are not morally responsible for their poverty (lack of employment, low wages, degrading surroundings, discrimination, disabilities, and societal failure.)

Poverty line/Threshold

a level of personal or family income below which one is classified as poor according to governmental standards. 37.9 million people in poverty

How is wealth defined?

the total value of all assets owned by an individual, community, company, or country.

What is the current minimum wage?

7.25

What was the first country to implement a minimum wage

New Zealand in 1894

When did The Us implement a minimum wage and what was it?

1938, 25 cents an hour, and has increased 22 times.

What is the tipped minimum wage?

2.13

What states have 5.15 as their minimum wage

Georgia and Wyoming

True or false Minimum wage is given to the states

true

What are examples of 15 an hour

CT, and washignton

what are pros of raising minimum wage

-allow min. wage workers to afford basic living

-benefit the economy by increasing consumer activity, spurring job growth, lowering federal debt,

-increasing school attendance, healthy population, and reducing crime

what are the cons of raising the minimum wage?

-increase prices, higher cost of everyday goods

-increase cost of business and force them to close, outsource jobs

-exaggerate income disparities

-lower cost of living, small rural communities would suffer

-highschool students drop out

Education is known as the _____________

the great equalizer

"The american dream"

The Elizabethan Poor Laws

it was familial responsibility to take action and provide

Hereditary Meritocracy

meritocracy without equal opportunity, incipient class apartheid

if you're born in the bottom 5% you will most likely stay there. If you're born in the top 5% you will likely stay there.

Glass floor

protecting those born into affluent families form falling down the socio-economic ladder.

Europes The Working Time Directive Employment Law 2003

Every worker entiteled to paid annual leave of 20 days

Fair Labor Standards 1938

no payment required for time not worked at employers discretion.

Vacation Deficit Disorder

Negative effects from not taking vacation time. relationship between depression and lack of vacation.

Why do Americans not use up their vacation time

-scared to fall behind

-feel bad fro co workers

-time off hurts advancements

-risk losing their job

When was the Constitution signed

1787

Continental Congress adopts the dec of independence

1776

Articles of Confederation (1781)

-no mandatory power to raise taxes

-weak and leaderless government

Articles of Confederation

1787

55 delegates amend the AOC in Philadelphia.

Charles Beard idea

founding fathers represented economic interest of financial elites, maximized their financial gains

Rober Brown idea

if they benefitted so did the country as a whole, protected everyones interests... trickle down economics.

Hanna Arendt

"No one has ever doubted that truth and politics are on rather bad terms with each other, and no one as far as I know has ever counted truthfulness among the political vitures"

Politics Entails a form of lying- not admitting that position that is not mine may even have a semblance of truth

Politics = lying

politics entails advocay, promoting a particular pov, ,taking sides, and arguing in favor of a cause

politics = adovacy

worthy victims

Victims of murder, atrocities, or abuse whose suffering is acknowledged, responded to, and/or commemorated; nation-states often treat the victims of their official enemies as worthy.

- 2022-2024- the russian invasion of ukraine resulted in 11/973 deaths ( innocent victims)

unworthy victims

Those who are ignored because their story doesn't serve a popular agenda in the state. suffering will be minimized or ignored

2003-2012 the american-led invasion of iraq resulted in 183,249 deaths