Biology - Plant Cell Components + Functions

Eukaryotic Plant Cell

Nucleus

Stores genetic information for plant. Makes ribosomes to make proteins.

Nucleolus

Makes and builds parts for the ribosomes, which builds proteins to keep cell alive and functioning.

Mitochondrion

Converts sugars created during photosynthesis into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration.

Ribosomes

Makes proteins for cell membranes or outside of cell.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Folds and transports important proteins for cell membrane, vacuole, or external. Produces specific proteins that maintain cell wall.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Builds phospholipids and plant sterols, which are used for forming and repairing cell membranes. Senses pressure changes and change in environment.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts out, and packages the proteins and lipids. Forms cell plate during cell division.

Golgi Vesicles

Delivers carbohydrates to build the cell wall. Carries proteins to the cell membrane, and provides resources for the cell plate when cell division occurs.

Permanent Vacuole

Acts as storage for water to keep plant hydrated. Keeps turgor pressure to keep plant upright.

Cytoskeleton

Organises cell division. Controls response to hormonal and environmental stress.

Microtubules

Controls shape of cell and assists four stages of cell division.

Microfilaments

Carries nutrients and water, by moving fluids inside of cell. Assists cell wall deposition during plant growth.

Chloroplast

Absorbs energy from the sun and turns the light into ATP energy. Also lets out oxygen.

Cellulose Cell Wall

Gives the plant cell its hard shape. Prevents cell from bursting when filled with water. Allows plant to stand upright.