Chapter 10 Attention Deficit Disorders with Hpyeractivity

What is NOT ADHD

a learning disability

A label to be applied to any child who has trouble sitting

what is ADHD

a neurobehavioral disorder

Begins in childhood and continues into adulthood

NIMH National Institute of Mental Health

children display inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

To be diagnosed with ADHD, the child must exhibt what

symptomps in more than 1 setting for 6 or more months

DSM-IV(4): 314.01 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder,

Combined Type (what you often see)

DSM-IV(4): 314.00 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Predominantly Inattentive Type

DSM-IV (4): 314.01 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: 2

Predominantly Hyperactive (more active) and Impulsive Type

DSM-IV (4): 314.9 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Not Otherwise Specified

most chilidren who have adhd have the _____ type

combined

While the criteria have not changed from DSM-IV, examples have been included to illustrate the types of behavior ____, ______, and ____ with ADHD migght exhibt

children, older adolescents, and adults

Several of the individual’s ADHD symptoms must be present prior to age ____ compared to 7 years as the age of onset in DSM-IV (4)

12 years

# of children 3-17 years of age ever diagnosed with ADHD

7 million (current data)

% of children 3-17 years ever diagnosed with ADHD

11.4% in current data

Percentage of boys ever diagnosed with ADHD

15% in the current data

Percentage of girls diagnosed with ADHD

8% in the current data

What is the average age of ADHD diagnosis

7

symptoms of ADHD

controlling attention (not paying attention)

controlling attentions refers to

the ability to stay on task by selectively focusing on the appropriate stimuli

They can’t isolate and focus on the important issue

impulsivity is defined as

Neurological inability to sustain inhibition

No premeditation or malicious intent (just does not think before)

What is the academic impact on an indivual with adhd

•Can’t focus on important facts

•Answering of questions in unexpected manners

•When they know the answer, they are likely to burst out with the reply

For social impact, individuals with adha are

perceived as rude and uncaring

Social Impact: ADHD indivuals suffer from ___ problems

pragmatic: speaking out of turn, failing to maintain a topic, and switching topics inappropriately

No delayed gratification

with social impact for an indivual with adhd they always want to be a ____

winner

Some children with ADHD are ____

Overactive

overactive is:

•“motor mouth”

•Can’t sit still

•fidgety

•Identified much earlier

some children with adhd are also

underactive

underactive

•Not likely to act out

•undetected until 4-5th grade (failure to succeed in school)

benefit from having teachers who are aware of warning signs

soft sign

soft sign

not finishing school work, not living up to the academic potential) 

What term is the official, medical term for the condition

ADHD

what term is now outdaded which was typically used to describe inattentive type of ADHD

ADD

what exactly causes ADHD

isnt known

what are the possibilites of the cause of ADHD: 1

•A history of pregnancy and/or birth complication (low birth weight)

what are the possibilites of the cause of ADHD: 2

•Two dopamine genes (DAT1 and D4) have been noted

Dopamine

Important chemical that carries signals between nerves in the brain.

what is dopamine linked to

•many functions, including movement, sleep, mood, attention, and learning.

Dopamine explains

•why stimulant ADHD medications such as Ritalin and Adderall are beneficial.

what does stimulant adhd medications increases

dopamine by strengthening the weak dopamine signals in the brain. That counters the decreased brain dopamine activity in adults with ADHD

frontal lob

•help us to pay attention to tasks, focus concentration, make good decisions, plan ahead, learn and remember what we have learned.

pre frontal cortex

playing roles in executive functioning tasks (directing attention, self-regulation, organizing information, making action plan

__ of children with ADHD have at least one type of learning disability (in math, reading, or spelling)

20-30 (up to 50%)

ADHD does ____ cause the learning problems

NOT

They are two separate problems, each with their own causative agents (ADHD impact learning).

which gender were more likely to have each of the diagnoses

boys

•Unclear why boys are diagnosed with ADHD, LD, or both conditions more frequently than girls.

Boys may have

disruptive behaviors

ADHD and family

•The parents are frequently called to the school

•Fear about the future creates emotional turmoil

what emotions do parents feel with a child with ADHD

embarrassed or ashamed

tend to blame themselves or each other (which can produce tension in a home)

confused as to why the child does not try harder

What do a Psychiatrists do with ADHD

•medications to help control the symptoms

what percentage also have another psychiatric problems (depression, anxiety)

45

Psychologists

•Weschler Intelligence Score for children

Children with ADHD score ___ on most subtest

10 to 13

What scores relied on selective attention (digit span, coding, and mazes) on subtest

6 to 7

educators and parents

•Provide information on the child’s behavior and attitudes in the child’s natural settings.

SLP role with ADHD

To determine if a language-based learning disability is present

•To provide a baseline from which to monitor progress and judge the effectiveness of treatment

To qualify for special education services in some schools, the child’s condition must be ____

labeled

Academic areas: Children with ADHD, learning to control attention is ___

subject itself

Break the assignment down into smaller units (E.g., 20 mathematics problems into four sets of five problems, after completing each set, the child could turn into the teacher)

Medical Issues: What do drugs do to the system

make it more accessible for learning (help with activity level, but not increasing knowledge!)

Addiction Psychologically not ____

physiologically

Ritalin

the most common medication

side effects of Ritalin

lost of appetite, sleeping problem

Vyvanse, Focalin, Focalin XR, Daytrana, Ritalin all does what

all stimulate the production of the neurotransmitter dopamine