Music History 2 Final

Lieder

German Art Song

Song Cycle

All songs are to be performed together in order as a single vocal work.

Grand Opera

Meyerbeer main composer. Scribe is librettist.

Genre of French Opera, Recitatives.

Spectacles, Elaborate dazzling. 5 acts.

Symphonic Poem

Creation by List

Programmatic work in one movement with sections of contrasting character and tempo, presents a few themes that are developed, repeated, and varied.

EX : An American Paris by Gershwin

Neoclassicism

A broad movement from the late 1910’s to the 1950s in which composers revived, imitated, or evoked the styled, genres, and forms of pre Romantic music, especially those of the eighteenth century, them called “classic’. A rejection to romanticism.

Ragtime

Scott Joplin is associated. Maple Leaf Rag.

Heavy use of syncopation in right hand and steady pulse in left hand.

1970’s the Sting move came out and it made it famous.

Gesamtkunstwerk

Total or collective artwork. Created by Wagner. Poetry, scenic design, staging, action, and music working together form this.

Atonality

A term for music that avoids establishing a tonal center.

Tone Cluster

Consecutive notes all played together.

Associated with Henry Cowel.

Second Viennese School

Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Anton Webern

Twelve-tone Method

Created by Alan Schoenberg, a method of composing with twelve tones that are related only to one another. No tonic center. It is a row or series of the twelve pitch class of the chromatic scale is arranged.

Socialist Realism

It is the ideal for Soviet arts. A doctrine called for using a realistic style in works that portrayed socialism in a positive light.

Hans Von Bülow

Pianist and Conductor

Performer of major primers in music.

Came to Milwaukee.

Chance or Indeterminate Music

Chance : Some elements are determined by chance.

Indeterminate : Some elements are left unspecified by the composer.

Created by John Cage

Minimalism

Minimalism is to take a small idea/amount of music and make a lot out of it.

Repeating phrases and playing it over and over so it can speed or slow and layer/phase.

Concept in art is where it started.

Franz Schubert (1797-1828)

Master of the Romantic Lied

Surrounded by music at home, played all the instruments.

Went to Vienna boarding school for music.

Died of Syphilis.

Song Cycles. Winterreise. Gretchen Am Spinrade.

Gretchen am Spinnrade

Romantic Lieder

Written by Franz Schubert

Piano is the Spinnrade.

Fryderyk Chopin (1810-1849)

Romantic Composer known for piano.

Nationalism within his music for Polish.

Piano teacher for wealthy students. Private concerts.

Mazurka, Op. 7. 1

Mazurka, Op. 7. 1

Chopins Virtoistic piano piece.

Polish dance music, ballroom for high society.

Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)

Sent to medical school but switched to composing.

Won the Prix de Rome.

Operas, Symphonies, Concert overtures.

Works inspired by poem and plays.

Symphonie Fantastique, 5th movement

Symphony about hallucination, drug induced non reality

Programmatic, there are descriptions of what is going on in each performance.

Cyclic form, music that keeps coming back.

Richard Wagner (1813-1883)

The Ring Cycle, 3 operas. 16 hours.

Emphasis on drama and motieves to tell a story.

German composer that wrote operas.

Nazi Sympathizer

Der Ring Des Nibelungen

Richard Wagner

Designed the theater where this is preformed, in Bayreuth

The light motive - melody is played in orchestra, sometimes vocal, that represents something. When a person or idea comes around the motive occurs.

Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)

Modern Russian composer

Right of Spring caused a riot at premiere

Moved to United States and wrote American styles.

Le Sacre du Printemps (The right of Spring)

Balle Ruse, Russian ballet.

3 ballets, 1910-1913 this is the third.

Cause a riot at premier. Bold audacity.

George Gershwin (1898-1937)

Jazz influenced American composer.

Worked in musical settings, broadway

Wrote a controversial opera.

I Got Rhythm

Brother Ira wrote the lyrics.

Was the base of rhythm changes for new jazz standards.

Pierre Boulez (1925-2016)

Inspired by Messiaen

Giving the listener impression of randomness

New methods of related rows from basic row.

Le Marteau sans maître

The hammer without a Master

Pointillist style and serial methods.

Steve Reich

Wrote Come Out

developed procedure where musicians play the same material out of phase with each other.

Come Out

Steve Reich wrote.

Tapes, one slowly faster then the other.
Cut the tape around and you can’t hear the words.