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AQA A-Level History - USA
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When was the homestead act?
1862
When was the 13th amendment passed and what did it do?
1865 - Ended slavery
When was Lincoln assasinated?
1865
When was the Freedmen’s bureau set up?
1865 - U.S. federal agency established to help former slaves and poor whites in the South
When was the KKK founded?
1866
When did presidential reconstruction begin?
1866 - Under johnson
When was the Alaska purchase?
1867
When was the aquisition of the midway islands - gain of raw materials
1867
When was the Howard uni for african americans set up?
1867
When were the reconstruction acts?
1867 - readmitting s.states to the union
When was refrideration developed?
1867 - transport of non-perishable items
When was Johnson impeached?
1868
When was the 14th amendment passed and what did it do?
1868 - Equal citizenship rights for freed slaves
When was the burlingham treaty with china and what did it do?
1868 - established formal, friendly relations, granted China most-favored nation status in trade with the US, and allowed for free migration between the two countries
When and what was the Treaty of Fort Laramie?
Pair of agreements (1851 & 1868) - aimed at establishing peace and defining tribal lands - violated in the 1874 Dakota gold rush
When did congress decline the dominican republic’s request for colonisation?
1869
When was the transcontinental railroad completed?
1869
When were the Knights of Labour founded?
1869
When were the Jim Crow laws put in place? (southern states)
1870
When did Rockefeller set up his Standard Oil Company?
1870
When was the 15th amendment passed and what did it do?
1870 - banned discrimination by race
When and what was the amnesty act?
1872 - removed voting and office holding restrictions on confererate soldiers
When were the alabama claims settled and what were they?
1872 - were demands for compensation from Britain for damages caused by British-built Confederate warships - settles when the UK paid $15.5million
When was the economic panic?
1873
When did whites arrive in the Black Hills?
1874 - confirmed gold discoveries and triggered the gold rush - breaking agreements with the Native Americans
When was the treaty with hawaii and what did it do?
1875 - allows for pearl harbour naval base
When was the battle of little bighorn? (Custer’s men defeated)
1876
When was the disputed election?
1876 - between Hayes and Tilden
When were the great railroad strikes?
1877
When was the Compromise?
1877 - made Hayes president
How many states had yet to be redeemed by 1877?
3
What was the situation for Native americans by 1880?
majority were in reservations
When was the bessemer process introduced and what did it do?
1880 - first inexpensive, industrial method for mass-producing steel by blowing air through molten iron to quickly remove impurities like carbon
When was garfield assasinated?
1881
When was conkling removed for NY Customs house?
1881
When was the chinese exclusion act?
1882
When and what was the pendleton act?
1883 - tackle corruption & end spoils system
When was cleveland elected?
1885 - first democrat since the civil war
When was the Haymarket bomb riot?
1886 - caused TU support to decline
What year were troops sent to the mexico boarder?
1886
When was the American Federation of Labour Union founded and what was it?
1886 - national federation of trade unions focused on improving wages, hours, and working conditions for skilled workers through collective bargaining and practical economic action
When and what was the Dawes Act?
1887 - aimed to assimilate Native Americans by breaking up tribal lands and allotting individual plots to Native families - remaining land was sold to white settlers
When was the Oklahoma land rush?
1889 - 6000 new claims to land in 2 months
When was the Sherman anti-trust act?
1890
When was the National American Women’s Suffrage (NAWSU) Union formed?
1890
When did the gov announce the frontier was closed?
1890
When was the Turner thesis/essay and what did it argue
1893 - argued for the importance of the frontier
When and what was the Timber culture act?
1873 - additional 160 acreas if 40 was planted with trees
When and what was the desert land act?
1877 - additional 640 acres for $1.25/acre as long as some of it was irrigated
When and what was the Pacific Railroad Act?
1862 - authorised 2 companies to build a transcontinental railroad
When was Seward sec of state?
1861-1869
When was fish the sec of state?
1869-1877
When was Evarts sec of state?
1877-1881
When was blaine sec of state?
1881, 1889-1892
When did the US secure rights to pago pago in samoa?
1878
How many US ships were operational by 1882?
42/140
When was the 1875 Treaty of Friendship expanded with Hawaii?
1887
What were the years Lincoln was president?
1861-1865
What were the years Johnson was president?
1865-1869
What were the years Grant was president?
1869-1877
What were the years Hayes was president?
1877-1881
What were the years Garfield was president?
1881
What were the years Arthur was president?
1881-1885
What were the years Cleveland was president? (1st term)
1885-1889
What were the years Harrison was president?
1889-1893
What were the years Cleveland was president? (2nd term)
1893-1897
When was the black friday scandal?
1869
When was the whiskey ring scandal?
1875
What was the population size in 1860?
31.5 million
What was the population size in 1880?
50 million
When was the McKinley tariff and what did it do?
1890 - raised average duty on imports by 50%
When was the $2 georgia poll tax introduced for voting?
1877
When did mississipi introduce literacy tests for voting?
1890
When was the granger movement set up? - began as a social and educational organization for farmers, but later became focused on fighting for economic and political rights, particularly against railroads
1867
When and what were the Orange Riots?
1870 & 1871 - clashes rooted in religious and ethnic tensions between Irish Protestants and Catholics
When was the Colfax Massacre?
1873
What was the state of Republican party 1880?
Split into two
→ Half-breeds (blaine)
→ Stalwarts (grant)
Garfield chosen as inbetween - won election by 10,000 votes
When did investigations into the star route postal service start?
1872
How many star routes were there by 1880?
nearly 10,000
Costing the gov $6million/yr
What and when was the Texas seed bill?
1887 - $10,000 appropriated by congress to purchase seed from texas farmers - vetoed by cleveland
What was Tammany Hall?
William Tweed in charge
ensuring democratic votes by helping people financially and domestically so people feel ‘in debt’ to them
What was Lincoln’s 10% plan?
A new gov could be established when 10% of the 1860 electorate sore and oth of loyalty to the union and acepted the abolition of slavery
When as the louisiana state gov recognised?
1864
What did the Homestead Act do?
gave 160acres of land to people who agreed to live on the land farming and improving it for 5 years
4 reasons why reconstruction failed
→ Southern resistance/opposition
→ Actions/failures of the Presidents
→ 1876 election and 1877 compromise
→ Declining support from northern repubs
How did Hayes tackle cicil service corruption?
Said that people should get jobs based on merit not popularity
Campaign contributors couldn’t hold a job in the civil service
What was the state of the repub party in 1880?
Rebus party = split between half-breeds (want blaine) and stalwarts (want Grant)
How man votes did Garfield win by?
10,000
Actions of Garfield
supported civil service reform
Strengthened federal authority over the NY custom house
Continued post office reform
Gets rid of roscoe conclin - big victory to reduce corruption
What and when was the silver purchace act?
1890
U.S. federal law requiring the government to purchase 4.5 million ounces of silver monthly
What and when was the pendleton act?
1883
First law specifically to begin the prossesional handling of the civil service
What was the monroe doctrine?
US would avoid European affairs unless European interests were involved
When and what was the burlingham treaty?
1868 - treaty with china to promote trade
Evidence of isolationism in foreign policy
seward rejected invitation from france and britain to pursede the tsar to be sympathetic to poland
Rejected the Dominican republic request to be colonised
1868 no aid for cuban revolution against spanish rule, the us didn’t intervene
How much of the Navy were operational
42/140 ships and 14/17 steamships
Why did the economy grow?
Civil War
Population Growth / Immigration
Transport
Government
Corporations / Trusts / Robber Barons
Tech Innovation
Westward Expansion
How much did the population grow 1860-1880?
1860 = 35.1mil
1880 = 50mil
How much railroad was built 1868-1873?
53,000km
When did J.P. Morgan set up his banking company?
1971 - ended up bailing US out of financial panic 1973
What was the 1877 national strike?
Owners of Baltimore and Ohio railrouad announced a payout
Workers walked off the job and others did in solidarity
Pittsburg → 5000 workers fought 650 federal troops
$10mil in damages