BIO 190 Lab#13 *Evolution and Hardy Weinberg Equation*

define evolution

the sum total of genetically inherited changes in the individuals who are members of a populations gene pool

which two individuals defined evolution

hardy and weinberg

how did hardy and weinberg define evolution

gene pool frequencies are inheritaly stable but that evolution should be expected in all populations virtually overtime

Hardy and Weinberg defined evolution as a change in allele frequencies within a population over generations.

who described natural selection

Charles Darwin

natural selection

the characteristics of organisms within a population may change overtime due to selective pressures within the environment

what are selective pressures that influence natural selection

Selective pressures are environmental factors or conditions that drive natural selection by affecting the survival and reproductive success of individuals within a population.

Common selective pressures include:

Predation:

Disease and parasites:

Competition for resources:

Environmental conditions:

Mate choice (sexual selection):

Human activity:

define allelic frequences

Allelic frequencies refer to how often a specific allele (a version of a gene) appears within a population’s gene pool, expressed as a proportion or percentage.

in p+q=1

what is p vs q

p is the dominant

q is the recessive

KNOW HOW TO SOLVE

genetic drift

changes in allelic frequencies of a gene that are due soley by chance

mutation

A change in a gene or chromosome.

migration

the movement of individuals (or groups of organisms) from one population or geographic location to another, often with the intention of settling and reproducing.

bottleneck effect

A change in allele frequency following a catastrophe in the size of a population

founder effect

when a small group breaks off from a large population and becomes isolated

gene flow

the transfer of alleles of genes from one population to another population

what does hardy weinberg principle state

if there are no evolutionary forces acting in a population then the percentage of the alleles within that population will not change over time

basically: the ratio of dominant to recessive alleles will remain the same from one generation to the next

what happens to genetic diversity in a population if they are in equilibrium/ there are no evolutionary forces acting on the population

Without evolutionary forces, genetic diversity is maintained at a constant level, and no evolution occurs.

what does a population in equilibrium mean

A population in equilibrium is stable, genetically unchanging, and not evolving.

what seven conditions must be met for equilibrium to exist