science

What are acids

solutions with ph less then 7

What is the species?

A group of living things that are similar and can have babies together

Name five classes that vertebrates and invertebrates

Mammals, amphibian bearded fish and reptiles

What is it meant by biodiversity?

The range of different species in an area

State three things that humans are doing that can harm Biodiversity

Pollution building cities, deforestation

What is the main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates

Vertebrates have a bathroom where invertebrates don’t

Say three things that humans are doing That can improve biodiversity

Breeding programs afforestation conservation

What does it mean if a species is endangered?

It is at serious risk of extinction

What does it mean if a species is extinct?

No more of that species exist

say two reasons that could cause organisms to be endangered and extinct

In physics, what does attract mean?

When a force brings two objects closer together

In physics, what does repel mean?

When a force pushes to objects Further apart

What surrounding is a permanent magnet?

The North Pole and South Pole

In which direction do the magnet field line go?

From north to south

What happens to the strength of a magnificent as you get farther from it?

It get weaker

What does a North Pole do to another North Pole?

Repels

What does a Northpole do to a south pole?

Attracts

Name three magnetic chemical elements

Iron nickel cobalt

Give two ways to find the shape of the magnet field around the permanent magnet

Use a compass or sprinkle iron fillings around the permanent magnet

How can you find the direction of the magnet field around the permanent magnet?

Use a compass it will point towards the south Pole

Name three adaptions on a leaf

Large surface area and contains chlorophyll

Explain why leaves have large surface area

To absorb more sunlight

Explain why leaves are thin

To give a short diffusion pathway

Explain why leaves have chlorophyll

To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

Name five layers of the leaf

Waxy cuticle upper steam epidermis palisade Mesophyll layer spongy mesophlly layer and lower epidermis

What are stomata

Small gaps on the bottom of the leaf

In which layer of a leaf are stomat found?

Lower epidermis

What is the function of the stomata

To allow auction to leave and carbon dioxide to enter the leaf

What are the guard cells?

Curved cells found on the bottom of the leaf

What is the function of The Guard cell

To open and close the stomata

What is the waxy cuticle?

A thin layer found on top surface of the leaf

Name an adaption of the palisade mesophlly cell

Contains lots of chloroplast

Explain Why palisade mesophlly cells have lots of chloroplast

To absorb more sunlight for photosynthesis

What is the purpose of the airspace in leaves?

To allow gases to the fuse in and out of the leaf

Which gases make up most of the Earth atmosphere?

Nitrogen oxygen, argon

What is the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere?

78%

What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere

21%

What is the percentage of argon in the atmosphere?

1%

What is a their percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Approximately 0.04%

Name two greenhouse gases

Carbon dioxide and methane

What is the greenhouse effect?

When greenhouse gases stop heat from the Earth escaping into space and increase Average temperature

Which by biological process removes common dioxide from the atmosphere

Photosynthesis

What biological. Process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

Respiration

State two human activities that have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation

What is global warming?

An increase in the average global temperature caused by increasing amount amounts of greenhouse Gases in the atmosphere

What is climate change?

The change in Weather patterns caused by global warming

What is? Oscillation

A repeater backwards and forward motion Or a repeated increase and decrease

What is a medium?

The material throughout which a wave passes can be a vacuum

Give four examples of medium

Air glass water a vacuum

What does a wave transfer from one place to another

Energy

What is a wave?

An oscillation that Carries energy

What does a wave not transfer from one place to another?

Particles matter stuff

What are the names of the two types of wave

Longitudinal and transverse

How are the directions of the oscillation and direction of the wave relate in a longitudinal wave

are Parallel to the direction of the wave

How are the direction of the oscillation And directions of the wave Related in a transverse , wave

Are at right angles to the direction of the wave

What type of wave is a water wave?

Transverse

What type of wave is light?

Transverse

What type of wave is sound?

Longitude

What is it called when a wave bounces off a surface or any change in medium?

reflection

What process do plants used to produce their own food?

Photosynthesis

What is the pigment that absorbs sunlight inside the leaf

Chlorophyll

Which sub cellular structure in a plant cell carries out photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide+ Water→ Oxygen+ Glucose

What gas is produced during photosynthesis?

Oxygen

What are the two reactions involved in photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide and water

What are the pro two products involved in photosynthesis?

Oxygen and glucose

Give three uses for glucose in a plant

Respiration making cell walls and converting to search for storage

What substance is used to test for presence of starch

Iodline

What are bases

Substance that can react to cancel out acid

What are alkalis

Soluble bases with pH greater than seven

Name three examples of a household acid

Vinegar lemon juice, fizzy drink

Name three examples of household alkalis

Bleach toothpaste soap

What hazards are there in working with lab acids and alkalis

They are corrosive

What pH to do neutral solutions have?

PH7

What is an indicator?

A chemical that changes colour depending on the pH of the solution

What colour is universal indicator in acid?

Red, orange, or yellow

What colour is universal indicator in neutral solutions?

Green

What colour is universal indicators in alkalis

Blue or purple

Name three common lab acids and their formula

Hydrochloric acid (HCI) nitric acid (HNO3) sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Name a common lab alkali and its formula

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH

What type of reaction occurs between an acid and a base?

A neutralisation reaction

What are the products of a neutralisation reaction

A salt and water

What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?

A salt and hydrogen

What is the test for hydrogen gas

A lit splint produces a squeaky pop

What salt are produced by hydrochloric acid?

Mealtime chlorides

What salt are produced by nitric acid?

Metal nitrates

What salt are produced by sulfuric acid?

Metal soulfates

What do we call the turning effect of a force

The moment of a force

What do we call the point around which a moment acts?

The pivot

In words, what is the equation that links, force distance and moment?

Movement = Force X distance from the pivot

In symbols, what is the equation that links force distance a moment?

M=F x d

What units do we use to measure moments?

Newtons metres N M

What is the relationship between the moment of force and the size of force?

The size of the force increases the moment of increase

What is the relationship between the moment of force and the distance from the pivot?

Moment increases

What are the two directions in which moment can act?

Clockwise and anticlockwise

What is the seesaw balance?

When the clockwise and anticlockwise moments are equal