Module 3 PRACTICE Homework: The Integument

the most abundant cell type

Keratinocytes

the "immune system" of the epidermis

Langerhans cells

_______ sweat glands make watery sweat

Eccrine

_______glands make protein- & lipid-rich sweat

Apocrine

_________glands make sebum (a type of oil)

Sebaceous

When blood calcium levels are too high, the thyroid gland secretes ___. This decreases osteoclast activity, allowing more calcium to be stored in bone.

calcitonin

Interstitial growth allows bones to grow in________

while appositional growth allows bones to grow in_______

length

width

Which of the following is the organic component of bone tissue, absorbing mechanical stress and making it less likely to shatter?

collagen

During adolescence when bone growth is high, osteoblast activity is ___ osteoclast activity.

greater than

bone stem cells

osteogenic cells

bone resorbing cells that dissolve old bone tissue

osteoclasts

bone building cells that secrete new bony matrix

osteoblasts

mature bone cells that maintain the bony matrix

osteocytes

What is the first step in fracture repair?

formation of a hematoma

What type of bone formation begins with an internal fibrous membrane? This produces flat bones, including the cranial bones and clavicles.

intramembranous ossification

Which of these types of bone fractures is most common in young patients?

Greenstick fractures

Triglycerides are stored in the _________ of the bone.

This is housed throughout the medullary cavity of the_____

yellow marrow

diaphysis

Which of these types of bone fractures is most common in patients with osteoporosis?

Compression fractures

Which epidermal stratum (layer) is made up of cells that are constantly being lost and replaced?

stratum corneum

A patient goes to the emergency room with a burn that is diagnosed as second degree. What does this mean?

The epidermis and reticular dermis are damaged.

Basal cell carcinoma starts in the/a ___________ and squamous cell carcinoma starts in the/a ___________.

stratum basale,

stratum spinosum

Which degree of burn severity exhibits damage to the epidermis and reticular dermis?

2nd

The subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) of this skin is primarily composed of which type of connective tissue?

adipose loose

Which of the following is not true regarding the stratum corneum of the epidermis?

A) the increased keratinization protects against abrasion and microbial invasion

B) it is the outermost layer composed of dead cells

C) melanocytes in this layer protect the skin from UV radiation

D) the cells are constantly being shed and replaced

melanocytes in this layer protect the skin from UV radiation

Regarding skin pigments, __________is a yellow/orange pigment obtained from plants, while _________ is a reddish-yellow/brownish-black pigment made by melanocytes in the epidermis.

carotene;

melanin

Which of the following sensory receptors detects stretching?

Ruffini's ending

What is the primary function of melanocytes?

Protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation.

Which stage of tissue repair is associated with the initial formation of scar tissue?

granulation

What is the correct order of skin layers, from outermost to innermost (top to bottom)?

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Which strata of the epidermis contains Merkel cells?

basale

The least dangerous form of skin cancer is __________ and the deadliest is __________.

basal cell carcinoma,

malignant melanoma

What type of cells act as the "immune system" of the epidermis?

Langerhans

Keratinocytes occur as 5 layers (strata) in the epidermis. Put the following in the correct order, from deepest to closest to the surface of the skin.

Stratum Basale,

Stratum Spinosum,

Stratum Granulosum,

Stratum Lucidum,

Stratum Corneum

In what stage of wound healing does blood flow increase and blood clots form?

inflammation

A "palm reader" looks at the flexure lines on the palm of your hand, and (supposedly, based on superstition) tries to predict your future. What causes these lines?

Folding of collagen fiber proteins in the reticular layer of the dermis near joints.

Which of the following is not a treatment for 3rd burns to the skin?

A) skin grafts

B)preventing infection

C) replacing fluid and proteins

D) all answer choices are treatments for 3rd degree burns

D) all answer choices are treatments for 3rd degree burns

Which of the following is not a function of hair?

A) detect sensations

B) protect the eyes

C) produce hypotonic sweat

D) protect against heat loss

C) produce hypotonic sweat

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integument?

A) thermoregulation

B) Vitamin C synthesis

C) preventing water loss

D)Vitamin D synthesis

B) Vitamin C synthesis

Which stratum of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?

lucidum

What are the A, B, C, D, & E of skin cancer?

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving

True or False

Exposure to UV radiation stimulates the activity of melanocytes.

true

Which of the following creates body odor?

A) Bacterial breakdown of sebum from the

sebaceous glands of the skin.

B) Bacterial breakdown of sweat from apocrine glands of the skin.

C) Bacterial breakdown of cells in the dermis.

D) Bacterial breakdown of watery sweat from the eccrine glands of the skin

B) Bacterial breakdown of sweat from apocrine glands of the skin.

melanocytes unable to produce melanin

albinism

certain areas lose ability to produce melanin

vitiligo

bronze patches due to adrenal gland malfunction

Addison's disease

yellowing due to liver malfunction

jaundice

The way collagen fiber proteins fold near joints in the reticular layer of the dermis are called lines.

flexure

What is the "rule of nines" with respect to burns?

The extent and severity of the burns is determined by the surface area damaged, mainly divided into areas of 9% of the body.

True or False

Blackheads exposed to air turn into whiteheads.

false

its the opposite

Which of the bone disorders is the normal, age-related bone loss that occurs in all people as they get older?

Osteopenia

When blood calcium levels are too high, the thyroid gland secretes ___. This decreases osteoclast activity, allowing more calcium to be stored in bone

calcitonin

Which stratum of the epidermis contains Lagerhans cells?

spinosum

The stratum lucidum (clear layer) is only found in thick skin. Where would you find the thickest skin in a human?

palms of hands, soles of feet

_______hairs are short and fine, whereas

________ are long and course.

Vellus;

terminal

Which of the following best describes the function of the lamellar granules in the stratum granulosum?

A) protects against microbes

B) aid in sensory reception

C) protects against abrasion

D) prevent water loss from the skin

D) prevent water loss from the skin