Intelligence

Intelligence

• Not a “thing”, it’s reification

• Socially constructed concept

• Ascribed quality like beauty

• Inherant mental capacity

• Level of intellectual performance

Common definition of intelligence

mental quality, consist of the ability to learn from experience, solve problem, and use knowledge to adapt to new situation

General intelligence: Charles Spearman

• general ability that runs through all our specific ability

→ G factor: when we do something, there always underlying intelligence

• Factor analysis: statistical analysis that look for clusters/ cross overs

→ Academic smart based upon G-factor

Multiple Intelligences: Howard Gardner

• hold power over others if you fit into this category

→ schools should reflect (many intelligence)

→ schools can nurture other kinds of intelligence

Linguistic

ability to use language, sensitivity to the order of things

Logical-mathematical

ability to see the intelligence of numbers and logic, ability to handle chains of reasoning and to recognize patterns and order.

Musical intelligence

sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

the ability to use the body skillfully and handle objects adroitly

Spatial intelligence

ability to perceive the world accurately and to recreate or transform aspects of that world

Interpersonal intelligence

ability to understand people and relationships

Intrapersonal intelligence

access to one’s emotional life a a means of understanding oneself and others

Naturalist intelligence

ability to understand, categorize, and explain patterns encountered in natural world

History of IQ test

• 20th century in France

• pass a law that makes education mandatory

• mental orthorpedics: if you are not good, just fix it

Standford-Binet

US version of IQ test, eugenics (breed those with good genes)

IQ

• Intelligent quotient

• cultural difference can affect the effectiveness of test

Wechsler Intelligence Scale

• WAIS- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

• WISC- Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children

Standardized

establish norms

norms mental age

→ reification, so need to change as the time flies

Flynn effect

long term, substantial increased in standardized IQ test scores throughout
- norms getting better

Reliability

something you can repeat and got some results

Validity

If the test is testing what it supposed to be tested

Achievement tests

what one has learnt and being tested on

Aptitude tests

measuring your potential, future potential (predictive validity)

Emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, express, understand, regulate emotion, impulse control & ability to delay gratification. Empathize, therefore handle people better.

Reification

treating an abstract concept, idea, or social relation as a concrete material thing

Savant syndrome

diverse set of distinct abilities