Semester 2 Final Study Guide Flashcards

Comprehensive practice questions covering world history from the Mauryan Empire to the Industrial Revolution and modern historical perspectives.

What led to Ashoka's repentance and quest for Buddhism and peace in the Mauryan Empire?

The Kalinga War

What did the Mauryan, Han, and Gupta empires have in common regarding their treatment of different cultures?

Respect for many cultures and religions

During which centuries did the Gupta Empire exist, and where was it located?

3rd to 5th Century CE in Northern & Central India

Who is associated with the Han Empire's beginning in 200 BC, and who was the emperor known for art, culture, and science?

Liu Bang (founder) and Emperor Wu

What were the primary causes for the eventual collapse of the Han Empire?

Corruptions and farmer uprisings

Which nomadic leader is described as ruthless in conquering but beneficial in peace?

Genghis Khan

Who defended Palestine for the Seljuk Turks?

Saladin

What major religious split occurred within the Byzantine Empire?

A split to Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Church

what are the three hardest things to do?

Return love for hate, say I was wrong, and include the excluded

In what year did the Ottomans use cannons to capture Constantinople, and what was the capital renamed?

1453; Istanbul

What was the capital of the Safavid Empire, and which branch of Islam did they follow?

Isfahan; Shia religion

Where were the capitals of the Mughal Empire located?

Delhi and Agra

What significant battle in 1526 involved Mughal artillery?

Panipat

What were the major trade goods exported by the Ming-Qing empires?

Porcelain, silk, and tea

What were the specific ideals of Feudal Japan and Feudal Europe mentioned in the notes?

Bushido (Japan) and Chivalry (Europe)

Which dynasty or culture is associated with the wealth of Mansa Musa and the establishment by Sundiata?

Mali

Who were the primary sources mentioned for West African cultures and kingdoms?

AL-BAKRI and IBN-BATTUTA

What artistic and cartographic systems were used in the Renaissance to 'grid the world'?

Linear perspective and the Grid system

What term is used in the notes to describe the massive loss of life during the Columbian Exchange?

The Great Dying

Which document is associated with the Conquistadors and the 'Great Dying'?

Broken Spears

Who did Trevor Noah praise for their forthright approach to teaching children about the Holocaust?

Germany

What was the name of the journey of Cinque that challenged U.S. Slavery?

Amistad

Which scientists are associated with the Scientific Revolution and the study of orbits and universal laws?

Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton

What were the three classes or groups mentioned in the context of the French Revolution?

Third Estate, National Assembly, and the Empire (under Napoleon)

Who was the leader associated with the Haitian Revolution who replied to Napoleon?

L’Ouverture

What are two major social consequences of the Industrial Revolution noted in the text?

Child Labor and Urbanization

Which comes first: the Crusades or the Gupta Empire?

The Gupta Empire

Which comes first: the Broken Spears document or the Gutenberg Bible?

The Gutenberg Bible

Which comes first: Mansa Musa or Zhong He's travels to Africa?

Mansa Musa

Which occurs first: Emperor Wu or Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism?

Ashoka converts to Buddhism

Who was Chandra Gupta?

The founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India, who established a strong centralized government.

What was the Golden Age of the Gupta Empire known for?

A period marked by significant achievements in arts, science, and literature in ancient India.

Who were some notable poets in the Gupta Empire?

Kalidasa and Dandin, known for their contributions to Sanskrit literature.

What are the key characteristics of Confucian ideas in the Han Empire?

Emphasis on morality, social relationships, justice, and sincerity as guiding principles.

What contributed to a strong government in the Han Empire?

Centralized bureaucracy and the implementation of Confucian principles.

What were civil service exams in the Han Empire?

Examinations to select scholars for government positions, promoting meritocracy.

What was one key terminal of the Silk Road during the Han Empire?

Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an), a vital trading hub.

What are Gunpowder Empires known for?

Empires like the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals that used gunpowder technology to expand their territories.

How did the Ottomans centralize their government?

Through a sophisticated bureaucratic system and effective taxation policies.

What military innovations did the Ottomans employ?

Use of artillery and muskets to enhance their military capabilities.

What was a major architectural achievement of the Ottoman Empire?

The Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul, showcasing Ottoman architectural splendor.

What characterized the Ottoman Empire's trade?

A vast network connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa, facilitating trade in spices, silk, and other goods.

What branch of Islam did the Ottoman Empire predominantly follow?

Sunni Islam, which influenced their governance and culture.

How did the Safavid Empire relate to the Silk Road?

It strategically controlled trade routes, enhancing its economic power.

What artistic features distinguished the Safavid Empire?

A blend of Persian, Islamic, and Central Asian elements, leading to significant artistic innovation.

What was the location of Ming-Qing Beijing?

The capital city of China, characterized by its historical and cultural significance.

Who was Zheng He?

A Chinese explorer known for his maritime voyages that established trade routes across the Indian Ocean.

What was the significance of the Great Wall's expansion during the Ming dynasty?

To protect against invasions and control trade routes.

Which regions did the Ming dynasty expand into?

Tibet and Xiangjiang, aiming to exert influence over these areas.

What was the global trade influence of the Ming-Qing dynasties?

Significant exports of porcelain, silk, and tea, impacting global trade dynamics.

What was the role of lords and serfs in the feudal system?

Lords owned the land and provided protection, while serfs worked the land in exchange for security.

What were the effects of the Black Death and bubonic plague?

Widespread population decline, social upheaval, and changes in economic practices in Europe.

How did the movie RAN reflect Buddhist concepts?

By showcasing the idea that suffering is a fundamental part of the moral cycle.

What virtues did Saburo exemplify in Kurosawa's work?

Honor, courage, bravery, and truthfulness.

What is a power vacuum?

A situation where there is a lack of authority or control, often leading to conflict or chaos.

What was exchanged in the Columbian Exchange?

Crops, goods, gold, silver, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.

What did Martin Luther initiate during the Reformation?

A movement that challenged the practices of the Catholic Church, leading to Protestantism.

What were the key features of the Atlantic Slave Trade?

The forced transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas, notably through the Middle Passage.

What is the Counter-Reformation?

The Catholic Church's response to the Reformation, aiming to reform itself and reaffirm its authority.

Why is the phrase 'Science asks how, faith asks why' significant?

It reflects the relationship between empirical knowledge and spiritual understanding.

Why is mathematics described as 'the language with which God writes the universe'?

It emphasizes the idea that mathematical principles govern the natural world.

What principles defined the French Revolution?

Liberté (freedom), égalité (equality), and fraternity (brotherhood), leading up to significant social and political upheaval.

What examples illustrate Absolutism?

Louis XIV of France, Peter the Great of Russia, Frederick the Great of Prussia, and Charles I of England, each exemplifying absolute rule.

Which occurs first: Samurai in feudal Japan or Ashoka converts to Buddhism?

Ashoka converts to Buddhism occurs first.

Which comes first: Ignatius of Loyola or the Treaty of Versailles?

Ignatius of Loyola comes first (established the Jesuits in 1534, whereas the Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919).

Which comes first: Emperor Wu or King Louis XIV?

Emperor Wu comes first (reigned from 141 to 87 BC, while Louis XIV reigned from 1643 to 1715 AD).

How did the printing press lead to revolutions?

The printing press enabled rapid dissemination of ideas, allowing revolutionary thoughts to spread quickly and inspire reform movements like the Reformation.

What conditions led to the great growth and stability of West African civilizations between 850 and 1500?

Trade routes, wealth from gold and salt, and the spread of Islam contributed to stability and growth during this period.

How did the Renaissance impact various aspects of society?

The Renaissance fostered advancements in art, science, humanism, and education, leading to transformative shifts in culture and thought.

Why was the feudal system established?

The feudal system was established to provide order and security in a fragmented and chaotic post-Roman Empire Europe.

What were some advantages and disadvantages of the feudal system?

Advantages include protection and land management; disadvantages include a lack of social mobility and dependence on local lords.

How did the Treaty of Versailles lead to WWII?

The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh penalties and reparations on Germany, contributing to economic instability and resentment that fueled WWII.

What are the connections between Cortés and the Aztecs and the Atlantic Slave Trade?

Cortés' conquest of the Aztecs facilitated the establishment of Spanish colonies, which later became part of the Atlantic Slave Trade network for labor.