Multi Engine notes

Light twin aircraft

Less than 6000 lbs take off weight, VSO takeoff speed of 60 kts, no garuntee single engine takeoff climb

Conventional props

Propellers move in the same direction (critical engine)

Counter rotating props

Propellers move in opposite direction (ATP has)

What classifies as a complex plane

Retractable landing gear, constant speed prop, adjustable flaps

Critical engine definition

The engine that fails that effects aircraft control the most

Which engine on a conventional twin is the critical engine

Left engine

Which engine on a counter rotating engine is the critical engine

Both/none since both counter rotating and effect the aircraft the same

what is VMC

Minimum controllable speed at which you can still maintain directional control with a critical engine inop

Where does CG start on Seminole?

Start of the fire wall

What is an accelerate stop distance?

Distance to go form 0kts, reach Vr, and go back to 0kts

What is accelerated go distance

Distance from 0kts to rotation speed and clear a 50 ft obstacle

What does balanced field mean

When accelerated go and stop are equal

What’s a service ceiling

Height where you can no longer maintain a 50 FPM climb

What is absolute ceiling

Height where your can no longer maintain any climb

What determines the critical engine on a conventional multi engine

PAST, P factor, accelerate slipstream, spiraling slipstream, torque

P.A.S.T P factor

Downward moving part of the blade taking out a larger bite of air than the upward moving part of the blade causing the aircraft to yaw

P.A.S.T Accelerate slipstream

Newtons 3rd law, more air over the operating engine creating more lift causing roll

P.A.S.T Spiraling slipstream

Decreased pressure from P factor causes pressure to move from high to low (away from aircraft right engine) (into aircraft left engine)

P.A.S.T Torque

Asymmetric thrust plus torque from right clockwise spinning engine causing left yaw

What affects VMC (acronym)

SMACFUM. Standard day conditions, max power on operating engine, aft CG, Critical engine windmill vs feathered, flaps up/gear up, up to 5 degree bank into operating engine, most unfavorable weight

What is S in SMACFUM and what it does for performance, control, and VMC speed

Standard day conditions (15C), performance = increased, control = decrease, VMC = higher

What is M in SMACFUM and what it does for performance, control, and VMC speed

Max power on operating engine. Performance = increased, control = decreased, VMC = higher

What is A in SMACFUM and what it does for performance, control, and VMC speed

After CG (worse than FWD CG for VMC). Performance = increased, controlled = decreased, VMC = increased

What is C in SMACFUM and what it does for performance, control, and VMC speed

Critical engine windmill vs feathered. Windmill, performance = decreased, control = decreased, VMC = higher. Feathered, performance = decreased (not as much), control = not as decreased, VMC = increased

What is F in SMACFUM and what it does for performance, control, and VMC speed

Flaps up/gear up. Performance = increased, control = not as decreased, VMC = increased. Flaps down/gear down. Performance = decreased, control = slightly increased, VMC = increased but not as much

What is U in SMACFUM and what it does for performance, control, and VMC speed

Up to 5 degrees bank into operating engine. Performance = increased, control = increased, VMC = decreased

What is M in SMACFUM and what it does for performance, control, and VMC speed

Most unfavorable weight (AFT CG). Performance = increased, control = decreased, VMC = increased

What is the worst situation for our VMC speed

Critical engine out and windmilling

What is the best situation for our VMC speed

Up to 5 degrees bank into operating engine

What does VSO mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Stall speed landing configuration = 55 KIAS, bottom of white arc

What does VMC mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Minimum controllable airspeed = 56 KIAS, red line

What does VS mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Stall speed with zero flaps = 57 KIAS, Bottom of green arc

What does VR mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Rotation speed = 75 KIAS

What does VX mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Best angle of climb speed = 82 KIAS

What does VXSE mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Best angle of climb single engine = 82 KIAS

What does VSSE mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Safe speed for intentional engine failure = 82 KIAS

What does VY mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Best rate of climb = 88 KIAS

What does VYSE mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Best rate of climb single engine = 88 KIAS, Blue line

What does VFE mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Maximum flap extension speed = 111 KIAS, Top of white arc

What does VLO (UP) mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Maximum gear retraction speed = 109 KIAS

What does VLO (down) mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Maximum gear extension speed = 140 KAIS

What does VLE mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Maximum speed with gear extended = 140 KIAS

What does VNO mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Maximum structural cruising speed = 169 KIAS, Top of green arc

What does VNE mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Never exceed speed = 202 KIAS, Red line

What does VA mean, what is the Seminoles speed for that, and any indications?

Maneuvering speed. At 3800lbs = 135 KIAS, At 2700lbs = 112 KIAS

Engine failure flow

Maintain directional control, mixtures, props, and throttles full forward, flaps up, gear up, identify with dead foot, verify with throttle close

Takeoff flow

Full power, rotated at 75 KIAS, climb out at 88 KIAS, no runway remaining, gear up, 500 AGL pitch for 110 KIAS, set climb power to 24”MP and 2500 RPMS 110 KIAS cruise climb

Cruise pressure and RPMS

22”MP and 2300 RPMs,

Gear down checklist abeam point in downwind

Gear down, fuel selectors on, flaps 25, mixtures forward, props forward, fuel pumps on

Turning baseleg callout

Blue line GUMP = blue line airspeed, gas (fuel selectors), undercarriage (3 green one in mirror), mixtures, props (FWD)

400 AGL callout

Gear down and stabilized, continue

Steep turn speed

120 KAIS, increase 2” before starting

Slow flight flow

Gear down, before landing checklist, flaps 40, slow to 5 above stall horn… recover with max power, retract flaps slowly to 0 gear up passing 82 KIAS

Power off stall flow

Gear down before landing checklist, flaps 40, 75 KIAS, 400 fpm descent, power idle, first indication, reduce AOA, max power, accelerate, accelerate to 82, flaps to 10, positive rate, gear up, flaps 0

Power on stall flow

Takeoff configuration = gear down flaps up, slow to 80 KIAS, increase power to 18” MP, 15 degree pitch up, stall, reduce AOA, max power, VX or VY, retract gear

Accelerated stall flow

100 KIAS, power to idle, 45 degree turn trying to hold altitude, stall, reduce AOA, level wings, max power

Emergency descent flow

Throttle to idle, props full forward, gear down, initiate 30-45 degree turn, 120 KIAS.