Lung Collapse and Pleural Disorders

What is the primary pathophysiology of atelectasis?

Nonaeration or collapse of lung tissue leading to airless alveoli, decreased gas exchange, and hypoxia.

What is the #1 most common cause of atelectasis?

Postoperative status.

List three nursing interventions to prevent postoperative atelectasis.

Incentive spirometry, deep breathing and coughing exercises, and early ambulation/frequent repositioning.

What clinical signs indicate a potential pneumothorax post-thoracentesis?

Sudden dyspnea, tachypnea, chest pain, absent breath sounds on the affected side, and crepitus.

What is a tension pneumothorax and why is it a medical emergency?

A one-way valve effect traps air in the pleural space, increasing pressure, shifting the mediastinum, and causing obstructive shock.

What are the hallmark clinical signs of a tension pneumothorax?

Tracheal deviation, JVD, severe hypotension, and absent breath sounds.

What is the immediate treatment for a tension pneumothorax?

Immediate needle decompression at the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line.

What does 'tidaling' in a chest tube water-seal chamber indicate?

Normal functioning, where fluid levels rise and fall with the patient's respirations.

What does continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber indicate?

An air leak in the system.