AP CHEM Organic chemistry

prefix meth-

1 carbon

prefix eth-

2 carbons

prefix prop-

3 carbons

prefix but-

4 carbons

prefix hept-

7 carbons

cyclo definition

It goes in a circle(hexagonal shape)

Suffix for double bond

Alkene(-ene)

Suffix for tripple bond

Alkyne(-yne)

Name used for hydrocarbn when it is substituent

phenyl-

Name used for hydrocarbn when it is parent

benzene-

When is di- used?

When there are two identical subsitients

Suffix for alcohols and what do they look like

Bonded OH anywehere(-ol)

How do you find primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

Draw a box around the OH and the bonded C and see how many C’s are touching it.

Suffix for alehydes and what they look like

Double bonded O on the ends(-al)

Suffix for ketones and what they look like

Double bonded O sticking out in the middle, not on the sides(-one)

Carboxylic Acid suffix what what do they look like

Always on the end with an OH bonded to the C and a double bonded O to the C(-oic)

Ester suffix and what do they look like

Always sandwiched in the middle with a single-bonded O and a double bonded O connecting to the C that is part of the parent. There is always a substituent conncted to the other side of the single bonded O.(Substituent: -yl //// Parent: -oate)

Ether, what do they look like

Single bonded O on both sides, sandwiched in the middle

Amine, what do they look like

Single bonded N on both sides, sandwiched in the middle

Condensation polymerization must have these 3 types of functional groups

Must have: Carboxlic Acid

Must have either or: Alcohol or Amine

What two bonds are present to the left of the 3000 mark and what do they look like on the IR spectroscopy graph

O-H(smooth curve) and N-H(Jagged rough curve at the bottom

What are the next two bonds present after the 3000 mark and what do they look like on the IR spectroscopy graph

C-H(Steep, fork) and C≡C(Very small, sharp, and short)

What are the two bonds to the left of the 1500 mark, and what do they look like, reading from left to right on the IR spectrospcoy graph

C=O(steep and sharp) and C=C(small, sharp, and short AND causes jagged lines on the C-H curve)

Everything else to the right of the 1500 mark, what is this called and what can it be used for.

Fingerprint, used for identifying compounds