Quiz 1 Challenging Topics

Occlusal

chewing surface of a tooth

Inversion

moving sole of foot medially

Eversion

moving sole of foot laterally

Fascial Planes

found between individual muscles

Fibrocartilage Examples

pubic symphysis, IV discs

Elastic Cartilage Examples

epiglottis, pinna

Epiphysial plates

hyaline cartilage plates between epiphysis and diaphysis

Fibrous Joint Examples

Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Primary cartilaginous joints

synchondrosis (ex. epiphyseal plates)

Secondary Cartilaginous Joint

Symphysis (ex. IV discs)

Arteries by size (largest → smallest)

elastic, medium muscular (distributing), small, arterioles

Veins by size (smallest→ largest)

venules, medium (deep and accompanying), superficial, large

Perforating Branches

allows for communication between superficial vv. and deep vv.

Lymphatic Asymmetry

left lower lobe drains to right side of lymphatic flow. cross over at inferior tracheobronchial Lnn.

Lymph Plexus Location Exceptions

CNS, bone marrow, teeth

Lymphatics Lung Drainage Pneumonic

I Breathe Through Proper Bronchi
Intrapulmonary Lnn.
Bronchopulmonary Lnn. (Hilar Nodes)
Tracheobronchial Lnn. (Superior & Inferior)
Paratracheal Lnn.
Bronchomediastinal Trunk

Lacteals

lymphatic capillaries in small intestines

kyphoses

thoracic and sacral, anteriorly concave
primary curvature

lordosis

cervical & lumbar, posteriorly concave
secondary curvatures

Which vertebrae have hemi facets

T2-T9

which vertebrae have single costal facets

T1, T10-T12

Sacral Cornua

bony, lateral projections bordering the hiatus

Lateral atlanto-axial joints

inferior facets of atlas and superior facets of axis

Median atlanto-axial joints

pivot joint between dens and anterior arch of atlas

Alar ligament

attach from dens to foramen magnus

Cruciate ligament

holds dens against anterior arch of atlas

Ligamentum flavum

connects lamina of successive vertebrae

Supraspinous ligaments

connects tips of spinous process

Interspinous ligaments

connect superior/inferior surfaces of succeeding spinous processes

Costal Synovial Joints

costovertebral and costotransverse

Lactiferous ducts

drain lobules of mammary gland onto nipple

Musculophrenic arteries

supply abdominal/thoracic walls and diaphragm. Branch from internal thoracic a.

Subthalamus

regulation of motor control

Lumbar Cistern

space between conus medullaris and end of vertebral column, L2-S2

Anterior median fissure contains what vessel

anterior spinal a. and v.

Posterolateral sulci contains what vessel

right & left posterior spinal a. and v.

Posterior median sulcus contains what vessel

posterior spinal vein

Linea Splendens

sheath for spinal artery, longitudinal band of pia in anterior median fissure

Cervical Plexus

C1-C5 motor and sensory

Brachial Plexus

C5-T1, motor and sensory for upper limb

Lumbar Plexus

L1-L4, motor and sensory

Sacral plexus

L5-S4, sensory and motor

Plexus exception in thoracic region

T20T11 become intercostals and thoracoabdominal nerves. T1 and T12 split to form into plexuses but also have a chest/abdomen component.

Myotome

group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

white matter in spinal cord

funiculi/columns

divisions of the “6-pack”

tendinous intersections

What fascia of the abdomen becomes cremasteric fascia

investing fascia of internal obliques

What abdominal fascia becomes dartos fascia

scarpa’s fascia anteriorly

What abdominal fascia becomes colle’s fascia

scarpa’s fascia posteriorly

What abdominal fascia becomes external spermatic fascia

external oblique aponeurosis

Order of lumbar plexus nerves (superior → inferior)

subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral, obturator

Which lumbar nerve pierces psoas major

genitofemoral

origin of superior suprarenal arteries

inferior phrenic artery

left venous asymmetry

left gonadal vein drains into left renal vein

layers of thoracolumbar fascia (superficial → deep)

posterior (latissimus dorsi), middle (transversus abdominus and internal obliques), and anterior (quadratus lumborum)

Artery Branching starting at thyrocervical trunk

thyrocervical trunk → transverse cervical a. → superficial cervical and dorsal scapular a.

Innervation of back muscles

Extrinsic (hypaxial) - M, ventral rami
Intrinsic (epaxial) - M, dorsal rami

extraembryonic somatic mesoderm

surrounds trophoblast & amnion, forms connecting stalk

extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

surrounds umbilical vesicle

prechordal plate

future site of mouth

What forms the ectroderm

epiblast cells

What forms the endoderm

displaced hypoblast cells

What forms the intraembryonic mesoderm

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that displaced the hypoblast and epiblast

What will the nodochord eventually become

nucleus pulposis

Neurulation Steps

Notochord signals → neural plate forms → neural crest pinches out laterally and migrate away → neural tube forms

Paraxial mesoderm

forms somites

intermediate intraembryonic mesoderm will become what?

urinary and reproductive systems

Lateral plate intraembryonic mesoderm will become what?

somatic and splanchnic mesoderm

somatic intraembryonic mesoderm will become what?

ectoderm, appendicular skeleton, dermis, ventrolateral body wall

splanchnic intraembryonic mesoderm will become what?

endoderm, smooth muscle of gut and respiratory system, serous membranes

Median plane folding

cranial-caudal folding to shift mouth and anus membranes to ventral surface

Transverse Folding

right to left folding to crease a tube within a tube

Synovial Joint Features

joint capsule, joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular cartilage