GB3 Exam 1 - Physiology

integumentary

• skin

• protective covering, sensory receptors, sweat glands, synthesize vitamin D

muscular

• muscle groups

• movement & heat production

skeletal

• bones

• structure, support, make blood cells & store minerals

nervous

• CNS (brain & spinal cord)

• control system of the body, sense & responses

endocrine

• glands

• secrete hormones (chemical messengers)

cardiovascular

• heart & blood vessels

• transport blood, oxygen, CO2, nutrients & waste

lymphatic

• lymph nodes, spleen

• immunity

respiratory

• lungs, trachea

• gas exchange

digestive

• GI tract

• digest food, removal of solid waste

urinary

• kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

• remove liquid waste, acid & base balance of the blood

reproductive

• gonads

• produce offspring, makes gametes, fertilization

what extracellular matrix structure holds the cells that form tissues?

basement membrane

what are the four basic tissue types

1. epithelial

2. connective

3. muscle

4. nervous

epithelial tissue

cover & line spaces; skin, glands, linings

• simple - one layer

• stratified - has layers

• pseudostratified - cells are lined up but the nuclei are in different positions

connective tissue

support; bones, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood

what are the types of connective tissue

dense, adipose, areolar, compact, & blood

muscle

movement; cardiac, smooth, skeletal

nervous

controls; brain, spinal cord, nerves

homeostasis

the ability to maintain stable internal conditions even when the outside world changes

what are the nonnegotiables of homeostasis

• involves almost every organ system

• vital nutrients present

• waste is removed

• comms between nervous & endocrine systems

what are the 3 components of homestasis

• receptor

• control center

• effector

negative feedback

response may increase or decrease in response to the stimuli with the goal to reverse the direction

• ex: sweating

positive feedback

increase or cascade

• ex: secreting or clotting

endotherms

circulatory systems & vasodilation

• ex: us mammals

ectotherms

behaviors (find cooler or warmer places)

• ex: reptiles

hypothalamus

• gland in the brain responsible for thermoregulation

• governs homeostasis

metabolism

all the chemical processes that occur in a living organism for survival