Social Crises and the Thirty years' war

Defenestration

The Defenestration of Prague on May 23, 1618, was a pivotal, almost farcical event where Bohemian Protestant nobles threw two Catholic Imperial regents and their secretary out a third-story window of Prague Castle.

Bohemian

Religious and political disputes between bohemia and Habsburgs

Ferdinand II

King of Aragon, catholic

Frederick V

King of Bohemia, calvinist leader

Results of Bohemia regarding 30 years’ war

Catholic victory at white Mountain, catholicism Bohemia, Habsburgs consolidate power.

Danish

Christian IV’s fear of Catholic Habsburg empire in northern Germany and threatened Danish sovereignty.

Christian IV

King of Denmark and Norway from 1588 to 1648

Albrecht Wallenstein

Supreme commander HRE.

Edict of restitution

March 1629 ordered the return of all Protestant-seized Catholic church properties acquired since 1552

Swedish

Protected protestantism against Habsburgs empire

King Gustavus

sweden

Axel Oxenstierna

Lord High Chancellor of Sweden

Franco-Swedish

France’s political rivalry with Habsburgs power and prevent Spain and HRE from becoming too powerful.

Cardinal Richelieu

Secretary of state of foreign affairs of France.

Franco-swedish effects

shifted from religious to political

Provisions of the peace of Westphalia

1648, the principle of state sovereignty, giving each state the right to govern its territory without outside interference.

Witchcraft Hysteria (witch hunts)

known as “the great hunt” individuals accused of witchcraft (mostly women) because of religious extremism and conflict. Tortured witches, trauma, social disruption and lasting change.