Human sexuality final

STIs and prevention

50% of STIs are among 15-24 y/os. 80% will get STIs in their lifetime. 20 million new STIs. New STIs every year in the US

Most common STIs

HPV, herpes, chlamydia, HIV, gonorrhea, syphilis

HPV

Viral, 150+ strains. 43% of adults currently affected. Transmission: PIV, anal, oral, vulva-vulva even w/o ejaculation. Usually asymptomatic. Not life-threatening. Single or cluster of cauliflower-like warts on genitalia/anus/throat. 2 strains rarely develop into cervical/anal/throat cancer. The strains that cause warts don’t cause cancer

Treatment: Immune system clears virus in 2 years in 90% of cases. Wart removal, anal pap smears

Prevention: No effective way to stop transmission. Barriers help but not entirely. CDC recommends vax for everyone age 11-26 - protects against cancerous strains, but only 10% of this group gets immunized. Minimal benefit if 27-45.

Chlamydia

Bacterial. 42% of women and 27% of men. PIV, PIA, PIM sex, even with no ejaculation, w/ infected person. Often no symptoms, sometimes discharge/pain from genitalia/anus, burn with urination. Treated w/ antibiotics.

Herpes

Viral. HSV-1 (oral herpes but can be transmitted to genitals, 65% of US adults). HSV-2 (genital herpes, rarely transmitted to mouth/face, 20% of adults in US). 90% who have it are unaware. Transmission via PIV, anal, oral even w/ no ejaculation, hand sex is. safe.

Symptoms: Blisters w/ tingling. Repeat outbreaks common, decrease over time. Sores are possible entry point for HIV. Possibly asymptomatic

Treatment: Controllable, not curable. Antiviral therapy reduces transmission by 50%, condoms by 30%. Avoid sex during outbreaks to limit but not eliminate transmission