Glycolysis

Where does this happen and what kind of process is it?

In the cytoplasm of cells, it is an anaerobic process - oxygen isn’t needed for it to occur

What happens when glucose is phosphorylated?

It occurs twice to produce hexose biphosphate, a hexose sugar with 2 phosphate groups attached

What is the hexose biphosphate split into?

2 triose phosphate molecules, which then undergo dehydrogenation to produce pyruvate

What coenzyme is required for this step to take up the hydrogens?

NAD, 2 molecules of NAD are used and reduced to NADH

What is NAD made up of?

2 nucleotides linked together, one of which has adenine as the nitrogenous base, and the other has a nicotinamide ring which accepts hydrogen atoms

How many molecules of ATP are produced in glycolysis?

4 molecules of ATP are produced, and one NADH molecule is produced but 2 molecules of ATP are used in the initial 2 steps, so the overall yield is 2 molecules of ATP and 2 NADH molecules