Digestive system PT 1 EXAM 4

Ingestion

Intake of food

digestion

breakdown of food

another word for breakdown

catabolism

during breakdown of food body releases

energy

exergonic is related to

catabolism

absorption

uptake of nutrients

compaction

consolidating (absorbing water)

Defecation

elimination of feces (excretion)

mechanical digestion

first part of digestion

chewing food into smaller particles

chemical digestion

enzymes produced by salivary glands

second part

monosaccharides are broken into

glucose and carbs

lacteals absorb

fats

what form does fat take to absorb into lacteal

chylo micron

digestive tract locations where food is sent

mouth

pharynx

esophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

accessory organs that help digestion occur

teeth

tongue

salivary glands

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

the digestive tract is a

cavity

mucosa

interacts with food

mucus membrane

has inner epithelium- simple columnar

has laminate propia- loose connective tissue

mucosa tissue type

stratified squamous epithelium

the mucosa uses lymph nodes to

protect against infection

components of submucosa

goblet- secretes mucus

mucus- traps pathogens

two layers of muscularis externa

inner circular layer-coronal plane

outer longitudinal layer- sagittal

serosa

outer layer of digestive tract

secretes fluid

peritoneum

abdominal cavity holding organs

mesenteries

hold organs in place

intraperotineal organs

stomach

liver

parts of small and large intestine

Retroperitoneal organs

kidney

pancreas

duodenum

which organ is the proximal small intestine

duodenum

carbohydrates in the mouth are digested by

salivary amylase

enzyme for lipids

lingual lipase

digestion begins in the

mouth

mechanical digestion increases

surface area

intrinsic muscles

precision

extrinsic muscles

food manipulation

bolus

number of adult teeth

32 adult teeth

4 regions of 8

incisors

anterior

helps bite off food

canine

puncture food

premolar

crushing

molars

posterior

grinding

3 regions of tooth

crown-visible part

root-bone

neck-where tooth meets gum

enamel

hardest substance in the body

if goes away does not come back

gingivitis

inflammation of gums

bacterial infection

bleeding

saliva components

99.5% water

begins starch and fat digestion in mouth

inhibits bacterial growth-IgA

moistens foods

parotid salivary gland

produces digestive enzymes

mumps -inflammation of parotid glands

submandibular

lubrication

lower esophageal sphincter

distal esophagus and proximal stomach

barretts esophagus

esophagus gets destroyed by acid

at risk for cancer

oral phase

first phase in swallowing

voluntary

tongue pushes bolus posteriorly

pharyngeal phase

second phase in swallowing

involuntary

prevents food from reentering mouth

breathing is suspended

esophageal phase

third phase in swallowing

involuntary wave of muscular contraction

outer longitudinal

peristalsis

in esophageal phase

circular muscular layer contracts behind bolus

longitudinal contracts…

in front of bolus

stomach functions

protein digestion

food storage

chyme

mixture of semi digested food in the stomach

protein is same as

pepsin

4 regions of stomach

cardial-proximal

fundus-dome shaped

body-largest

pyloric part- distal region

pyloric sphincter

in pyloric region

regulates chyme

between distal stomach and proximal small intestine

oblique layer

only in stomach

diagonal

oblique layer improves your

mechanical digestion

3 layers of muscular externa

outer longitudinal

middle circular

oblique

stomach cells

parietal cell

G cell

chief cell

parietal cell

stomach acid

3 functions of stomach acid in parietal cells

converts iron for absorption

activates protein digestion

kills bacteria

g cells

stimulates parietal cells to make hydrochloric acid for digestion

chief cells

pepsinogen- inactive

what converts pepsinogen into pepsin

acid

hydrochloric acid activates

pepsin and lingual lipase

pepsin digests…

dietary proteins

intrinsic factor

B12

secreted by parietal cells

essential to absorption

peptic ulcer

Inflammation of the stomach caused by acid resistant bacteria