chromosomal abnormalities

XYY (JACOB’S)

Male; tall structure, low iq especially verbal

XXX (TRIPLE X)

Female; normal appearance, menstrual irregularities, learning disorders, mental retardation

XXY (KLEINFELTER)

Male; sterility, under developed secondary sex characteristics, small test test, learning disabilities

XO (TURNER)

Female; short statue, Webbed neck, impaired spatial abilities, no menstruation, infertility, under developed sex organs

Fragile X Syndrome

Minor to severe mental retardation; more severe in males; delayed speech and motor development, hyperactivity

Down Syndrome (Trisonomy 21)

Moderate to severe mental retardation in physical signs, such as downward, sloping skin fold at the inner corners of the eye

Edwards Syndrome (Trisonomy 18)

Slow growth before birth and a low birth weight

Patau Syndrome (Trisonomy 13)

Cleft lip, cleft, palette, cerebral defect, anophthalmia, simian creases, polydactyly, trigger, thumbs, capillary hemangiomata