Hildebrant, Human Geography for the AP® Course 1e - Module 55

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Last updated 10:12 PM on 4/16/26
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13 Terms

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world systems theory

Wallerstein's theory of economic development that regards world history as moving through a series of socioeconomic systems, culminating in the modern world system by about the year 1900

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dependency theory

The theory that the periphery is poor because it was economically dependent on the core in a disadvantageous relationship originally established under colonialism and imperialism

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commodity dependence

Occurs when commodities account for more than 60 percent of the value of a country's total exports

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gross national product (GNP)

The total value of all the goods and services made by a country's residents and businesses in a specific time period, regardless of the country or location in which they were made

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gross domestic product (GDP)

The total value of all goods and services produced within a country over a specific period, regardless of the producer's national origin

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gross national income (GNI)

The total income of a country's residents and businesses, including investment income, regardless of where it was earned, as well as money received from abroad such as foreign investment and development aid

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GDP per capita

A country's GDP divided by its total population

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purchasing power parity (PPP)

Measures how much a common "basket of goods" costs locally in the currency of each country being compared

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Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A statistical measure of gender inequality that combines data on reproductive health, empowerment, and labor-market participation

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Human Development Index (HDI)

A statistical measure of human achievement that combines data on life expectancy at birth, education levels, and GNI per capita (PPP) population.

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informal sector

The part of any economy that is not officially recorded, monitored, or taxed by the government

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formal sector

The part of the economy that is officially recorded with the government

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income distribution

How a country's total GDP is distributed among the individuals in its population