Community Health Nursing Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in community health and nursing.

Epidemiology

The study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations.

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disease in a specific time period in a defined population.

Prevalence

The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time.

Primary Prevention

Strategies to prevent disease before it occurs by promoting healthy behaviors.

Secondary Prevention

Early detection and prompt treatment of disease to reduce severity.

Tertiary Prevention

Measures to reduce the impact of an already established disease.

PICOT

A format for developing research questions: Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time.

Quality Improvement

Systematic efforts to improve the quality of healthcare services.

Health Policy

Decisions and laws that affect the health system and health of individuals.

Medicare

A federal health insurance program for people aged 65 and older, and for some younger people with disabilities.

Medicaid

A joint federal and state program that helps with medical costs for some people with limited income.

Community Health

A public health practice that focuses on the health of populations and communities.

Vulnerable Populations

Groups at higher risk for poor health outcomes due to socioeconomic factors.

Disparities

Differences in health outcomes among various demographic groups.

START Triage

A simple triage system used in emergencies to prioritize patients for treatment.

SALT Triage

A triage system that focuses on saving the most lives by quickly identifying patients who need immediate care.

Emergency Preparedness

Planning and preparation for potential emergencies or disasters.

Pediatric Ages

Different stages in childhood development, typically categorized into infancy, toddlerhood, preschool, and adolescence.

ACEs

Adverse Childhood Experiences; traumatic events occurring before age 18.

Family Assessment

Evaluation of family dynamics, structure, and functioning.

High-Yield Topics

Key concepts that frequently appear on examinations and are critical for understanding.

Epidemiological Triangle

A model that describes the interaction between agent, host, and environment in disease spread.

Abuse Signs

Indicators of maltreatment in children, elders, and intimate partner violence.

Red Tag (Triage)

Indicates a patient requiring immediate attention in triage situations.

Yellow Tag (Triage)

Indicates a patient who requires observation and can wait a bit for treatment.

Green Tag (Triage)

Indicates a patient who is stable and can wait for longer treatment.

Black Tag (Triage)

Indicates a patient who is unlikely to survive and is given comfort care.

Rural Population

People living in areas with low population density, often facing unique health challenges.

Migrant Population

Individuals who move from one region to another for work, often impacting their health access.

LGBTQ+

An acronym for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, and others.

Health Care Quality Assurance

Processes aimed at ensuring that healthcare services meet certain standards.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

Integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence.

PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act)

A quality improvement cycle for testing changes in healthcare settings.

Health Care Access

The timely use of personal health services to achieve the best health outcomes.

At-Risk Groups

Populations more likely to experience poor health outcomes due to various factors.

Community Health Nursing

A nursing practice specialty that focuses on community health improvement.

Public Health Surveillance

Continuous, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data.

Health Disparities

Differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare across different population groups.

Preventive Healthcare

Healthcare services that aim to prevent illnesses or diseases before they occur.

Chronic Diseases

Long-term health conditions that generally require ongoing management.

Health Education

Providing information and skills to individuals to improve their health.

Behavioral Health

A broad field that encompasses mental health, substance use, and behavioral issues.

Social Determinants of Health

Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that affect health.

Environmental Health

The branch of public health that focuses on the relationships between people and their environment.

Physical Activity Promotion

Encouraging individuals to engage in regular physical activity to improve health.

Nutrition Counseling

Guidance provided to help individuals make healthier food choices.

Immunization

The process of making a person immune or resistant to an infectious disease.

Infectious Disease Control

Strategies to reduce the incidence and transmission of infectious diseases.

Screening Programs

Tests performed on individuals to detect disease in its early stages.

Culturally Competent Care

Healthcare that is respectful of and responsive to the cultural and linguistic needs of patients.

Chronic Disease Management

Ongoing care and support to help people manage chronic conditions.

Mental Health Awareness

Understanding mental health issues to promote wellness and reduce stigma.

Substance Abuse Prevention

Strategies to prevent the misuse of drugs and alcohol.

Health Policy Advocacy

Efforts to influence government policy and decision-making related to health.

Disaster Response

Actions taken to save lives and provide assistance during and following a disaster.

Healthcare Quality Improvement

Continuous efforts to improve healthcare services and patient outcomes.

Patient Safety

The prevention of errors and adverse effects to patients associated with healthcare.

Public Health Education

Efforts to inform and educate the public about key health issues.

Telehealth

Remote healthcare services provided through telecommunications technology.

Community Engagement

The process of working collaboratively with community groups to improve health.

Social Support Systems

Networks of family, friends, and others that provide emotional and practical support.

Health Promotion

Activities aimed at enhancing health and preventing disease.

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

Diseases for which vaccines are available to reduce incidence.

Elderly Care

Specialized services provided to older adults.

Supportive Housing

Housing designed to meet the needs of vulnerable populations.

Crisis Intervention

Immediate assistance given to individuals in crisis situations.

Health Informatics

The intersection of information science, computer science, and health care.

Data-Driven Decision Making

Using data analysis to guide decisions in health care programs.

Public Health Research

Investigation aimed at understanding public health challenges.

Healthcare Systems

Organized structures for delivering healthcare services.

Epidemiological Research

Studies that investigate the distribution and determinants of health-related states.

Community Resources

Local services and supports available to meet community needs.

Public Health Law

Laws that protect the public's health and safety.

Individual Health Plans

Personalized health insurance policies tailored to individual needs.

Chronic Care Model

A framework for improving chronic illness care.

Shared Decision Making

Collaborative process that allows patients and providers to make health decisions together.

Accountable Care Organization

A group of healthcare providers that coordinate care to improve health quality and reduce costs.

Healthcare Disparities

Differences in access to or availability of healthcare services among different populations.

Advocacy for Vulnerable Populations

Support for groups that are marginalized or at risk.

Public Health Programs

Initiatives aimed at enhancing community health and wellbeing.

Transitional Care

Care provided as patients move from one healthcare setting to another.

Geriatric Care

Healthcare tailored specifically to older adults.

Patient-Centered Care

Care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences and needs.

Preventative Screenings

Tests or examinations intended to detect disease early.

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

A comprehensive healthcare reform law enacted in 2010.

Health Literacy

The ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information.

Self-Management of Health

Strategies individuals use to manage their own health.

Integrative Healthcare

A holistic approach to healthcare that combines traditional and alternative therapies.

Chronic Pain Management

Approaches used to alleviate chronic pain.

Home Health Services

Healthcare services provided in a patient's home.

Palliative Care

Specialized medical care for people with serious illnesses focused on providing relief.

Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

Emergency service that provides pre-hospital acute medical care.

Disability Services

Supports and services designed for individuals with disabilities.

Resilience in Health

The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties in health.

Mental Health Services

Support and treatment offered to individuals with mental health conditions.

Family Support Services

Resources available to assist families in improving health and wellbeing.

Health System Strengthening

Efforts aimed at enhancing the performance of health systems.

Patient Advocacy

Supporting and representing the interests of patients.

Preventive Medicine

Field of medicine focused on preventing disease and promoting health.

Community Outreach

Efforts to connect with community members and provide health resources.