Comprehensive Eye and Ear Disorders: Definitions and Treatments

Astigmatism

Blurred vision caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens

Hyperopia

Farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects

Myopia

Nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects

Presbyopia

Age-related loss of ability to focus on close objects

Cataract

Clouding of the lens that causes blurry vision

Diabetic retinopathy

Damage to the retina's blood vessels due to diabetes

Glaucoma

Increased pressure in the eye that can damage the optic nerve

Macular degeneration

Deterioration of the central retina leading to loss of central vision

Strabismus

Misalignment of the eyes (crossed eyes)

Ophthalmoscopy

Examination of the inside of the eye using a lighted instrument

Visual acuity test (VA)

Measures how clearly you can see (eye chart test)

Visual field test (VF)

Measures peripheral (side) vision

LASIK

Laser surgery to reshape the cornea and improve vision

Keratoplasty

Corneal transplant surgery

VA, VF

VA = visual acuity; VF = visual field

Acoustic neuroma

Noncancerous tumor on the nerve connecting ear to brain

Deafness

Partial or complete loss of hearing

Meniere's disease

Inner ear disorder causing vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus

Otosclerosis

Abnormal bone growth in the middle ear causing hearing loss

Otitis media

Inflammation or infection of the middle ear

Tinnitus

Ringing or buzzing in the ears

Vertigo

Sensation of spinning or dizziness

Cochlear implant

Electronic device that provides a sense of sound to the deaf

Audiometry

Test that measures hearing ability

Otoscopy

Examination of the ear using an otoscope

EENT

Eyes, ears, nose, and throat

ENT

Ears, nose, and throat; also refers to a specialist