Animal Tissues and Epithelium Overview

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the organizational hierarchy of organisms, the classification of animal tissues, and detailed characteristics/locations of various types of epithelial and glandular tissues based on the lecture notes.

Tissue

A group of similar types of cells and their intercellular material/matrix performing a common function.

Organs

Tissues arranged in a specific proportion or pattern, such as the liver.

Organ System

Formed when organs interact physically or chemically to perform a function, such as the digestive system.

Division of Labour

The splitting of work among cells, tissues, and organs to help in the better survival of an organism.

N. Grew

The scientist who first gave the term 'tissue' with respect to plants.

Bichat

The scientist who gave the term 'tissue' with respect to animals.

Histology

The study of tissues.

Phylum Coelenterata/Cnidaria

The phylum in which tissues originated for the first time.

Epithelial Tissue

A sheet-like tissue that forms coverings or linings for various body parts; it originates from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Connective Tissue

A type of tissue that links and supports various body parts.

Muscular Tissue

A type of tissue responsible for carrying out all types of movements in the body.

Neural Tissue

A type of tissue that helps in controlling the body's response to the external environment.

Ruysch

The scientist who coined the term 'Epithelium'.

Basement Membrane

A delicate, non-cellular layer upon which epithelial cells rest, composed of the basal lamina and fibrous/reticular lamina.

Basal Lamina

The outer, thin layer of the basement membrane near epithelial cells, secreted by those cells and composed of mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins.

Fibrous Lamina (Reticular Lamina)

The inner, thick layer of the basement membrane near connective tissue, secreted by the underlying connective tissue and containing collagen and reticular fibres.

Simple Epithelium

A single layer of cells resting on the basement membrane, forming linings for body cavities, ducts, and tubes.

Compound Epithelium

An epithelium with more than one layer of cells, where only the deepest layer rests on the basement membrane.

Pavement Epithelium

A synonym for squamous epithelium, referring to how its flattened cells fit closely together like tiles on a floor.

Tesselated Epithelium

A synonym for squamous epithelium based on the polygonal shape of its cells.

Endothelium

The simple squamous epithelium that lines blood vessels.

Brushbordered Cuboidal Epithelium

Cuboidal epithelium with microvilli on the free surface to increase surface area; found in the PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule).

Germinal Epithelium

Cuboidal epithelium located in the ovaries and testes.

Mucosa (Mucous Membrane)

Formed by mucus-producing goblet cells combined with underlying supportive connective tissue.

Ciliated Epithelium

Epithelium possessing hair-like outgrowths (cilia) that create currents to move particles or mucus in a specific direction.

Pseudostratified Epithelium

Single-layered epithelium consisting of unequal columnar cells whose nuclei are positioned such that it appears stratified.

Unicellular Glands

Glandular epithelium consisting of isolated cells, such as goblet cells, mucocytes, or mucous cells.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that pour their secretions (such as saliva, enzymes, or milk) through ducts onto body surfaces or continuous surfaces.

Endocrine Glands

Ductless glands that drain hormones directly into the fluid (blood and lymph) bathing the gland.

Mixed Gland

A gland that has both exocrine and endocrine parts, such as the pancreas, ovaries, or testes.

Sudoriferous Glands

The technical name for sweat glands.

Sebaceous Glands

Oil glands that secrete sebum.