Music 246 Final Exam

End of the Studio System

A significant change in the film industry during the 1950s, marking the end of the centralized production model.

Television Challenge

Faced by films in the 1950s, concerning both technological competition and subject matter.

Production Code (Hays Office)

A set of industry guidelines for film content, effective from 1930 until it was abandoned in 1968.

Epic Films

Large-scale productions in cinema, examples include 'Ben Hur' and 'Lawrence of Arabia'.

Cinerama

A widescreen cinema process that used three cameras and projectors.

Elmer Bernstein (1922 -2004)

American composer known for his film scores, including “The man with a golden arm“ (1955) and 'The Ten Commandments'.

Mario Nichanmbe

A prominent composer known for his work on sword and sandal films.

Color Television

The use of color in broadcasting, which did not become prevalent until the 1960s.

Hitchcock's Psycho score

Notable for its use of a strings section when emphasizing tension without traditional warmth.

Bernard Herrmann

Composer acclaimed for his innovative film scores, especially his collaborations with Alfred Hitchcock.

Violin, cello, and bass

Unique instruments used in Herrmann's 'The Day the Earth Stood Still'.

Dimitri Tiomkin

A composer recognized for his Western film scores, such as 'High Noon'.

High Noon Theme

Features a song with themes represented by different characters in the film.

Jazz Influence

A characteristic found in Bernstein's 'The Man with the Golden Arm', reflecting urban life and issues like drug addiction.

John Barry

An influential composer known for the 'James Bond' themes and other film scores.

Electronic Music

Music produced using electronic devices, increasingly used from the 1950s onward.

Synthesizer

An electronic musical instrument that has become prevalent in film music since the 1970s.

Jerry Goldsmith

A prolific composer known for scores like 'Planet of the Apes' and 'The Omen'.

Score for Planet of the Apes

Blends orchestral elements with electronic instruments to create a social critique.

Thematic Transformation

A compositional technique involving the reuse of a theme in different contexts throughout a film.

Neo-Romanticism

A musical style characterized by emotional expressiveness, prominent in the works of John Williams.

Hans Zimmer

Composer known for blending orchestral and electronic music, particularly in films like 'Inception'.

Minimalism in Film Score

A style focusing on simple thematic ideas, often featuring layering and repetition.

Danny Elfman

Known for his collaborations with Tim Burton and unique musical style blending orchestral and pop elements.

Mickey Mousing

A technique in film scoring where music mirrors the actions on screen, often used by Elfman.

Academy Awards

Awards recognizing excellence in the film industry, including categories for original scores.

Film Noir

A cinematic style known for its moral ambiguity and its use of stylized dialogue, influenced by Herrmann's scores.

Modernism in Film Music

A compositional style that embraces atonality and non-traditional scales.

1960s Cultural Revolution

A period marked by significant social changes, reflected in the themes of film scores.

Electroacoustic Music

Compositions that combine recorded sounds with electronic elements.

The Magnificent Seven

A notable score by Elmer Bernstein, based on themes of heroism and adventure.

James Horner

Composer notable for strong melodies and synchronization with visual elements.

Hybrid-Orchestral

A fusion of orchestral sounds with electronic music, pioneered by composers like Zimmer.

1980s Film Scoring

A decade characterized by the rise of neo-romantic styles and a return to orchestral music.

Chariots of Fire

Famous for its synthesizer-driven score, composed by Vangelis.

Glockenspiel and Celeste

Unique instruments frequently used by Elfman to create whimsical or dark tones.

Scoring for Animation

A technique that often relies on more exaggerated musical styles to complement visuals.

Orchestral Tradition

The practice of using large orchestras for film scores, rooted in classical music.

Psycho's Shower Scene

Famous for its intense string composition, enhancing the film's horror elements.

Academy Award for Best Score

An award given to recognize outstanding achievement in film music.

Tom Holkenborg (Junkie XL)

Known for his work on films like 'Mad Max: Fury Road', merging electronic and orchestral elements.

Film Music Evolution

The transition from orchestral scores to electronic, pop, and hybrid-compositions in films.

Film Scoring Technology

Advancements that allowed composers to integrate synths and computers into their work.

Vangelis's Style

Characterized by lush synthesizer sounds and atmospheric music.

Electroacoustic Experimentation

The process of creating music that blends live and recorded sounds, becoming a staple in modern film scores.

Friedrich Nietzsche

Philosophical influence on many composers in terms of narrative and thematic depth in film music.

Choral Elements

Inclusion of voice in film scores to evoke emotional responses.

Postmodernism in Film Music

A style that incorporates and critiques previous musical forms and traditions.

Future of Film Scoring

Trends likely to shape the way music is composed and integrated into films over time.

Score Reconstruction

The process of reshaping or reimagining a film score using modern technology.

Music in Film Marketing

The use of score themes in promotions to build anticipation for movie release.

Bernard Herrmann

An influential film composer known for his work in the 20th century, including scores for 'Psycho' and 'Citizen Kane', renowned for his unique instrumentation and modernist approach.

Jerry Goldsmith

A prominent film composer who created scores for various films, including 'Planet of the Apes' and 'The Omen', known for the blend of orchestral and electronic music in his films.

John Williams

One of the most recognized film composers in history, famous for scores of 'Star Wars', 'Jaws', and 'Indiana Jones', notable for his use of orchestral styles and thematic transformation.

Increasing use of popular music

A trend in film scoring during the late 20th century where popular music became an integral part of film soundtracks, reflecting contemporary cultural influences.

Increasing use of Modernism

A trend in film scoring that arose in the 20th century, characterized by the use of atonal, experimental, and non-traditional musical elements.

Return to classical scoring during the 1970s

A movement in the 1970s where filmmakers returned to more traditional orchestral scoring, often drawing on earlier styles popularized by composers like Korngold.

James Horner

A film composer known for his emotionally charged scores, such as 'Titanic' and 'Braveheart', who often blended neo-romanticism with modernist elements.

Danny Elfman

A composer recognized for his collaboration with Tim Burton and distinctive style of combining whimsical sounds with dark themes, as seen in 'The Nightmare Before Christmas'.

Hans Zimmer

A prolific composer famous for his Hybrid Orchestral Scoring approach, merging orchestral elements with electronic sounds, seen in films like 'Inception' and 'The Lion King'.

Increasing use of electronics and popular music - electronic scores/synthesizer

The growing incorporation of electronic sounds and synthesizers in film scoring, particularly from the late 20th century, influencing soundtracks dramatically.

Hybrid Orchestral Scoring

A style that blends traditional orchestral music with electronic elements, allowing for a versatile sound palette and innovative soundscapes in film scores.