chp 10 psycho analytic

Psychic determinism

The assumption that everything psychological has a cause that is, in principle, identifiable.

Id

In psychoanalytic theory, the repository of the drives, the emotions, and the primitive, unconscious part of the mind that wants everything now.

Ego

In psychoanalytic theory, the relatively rational part of the mind that balances the competing claims of the id, the superego, and reality.

Superego

In psychoanalytic theory, the part of the mind that consists of the conscience and the individual’s system of internalized rules of conduct, or morality.

Compromise formation

In modern psychoanalytic thought, the main job of the ego, which is to find a compromise among the different structures of the mind and the many different things the individual wants all at the same time. What the individual actually thinks and does is the result of this compromise.

Libido

In psychoanalytic theory, the drive toward the creation, nurturing, and enhancement of life (including but not limited to sex), or the energy stemming from this drive; also called psychic energy.

Psychoanalytic Approach

A controversial approach to psychology that has faced objections and criticism throughout history.

Sigmund Freud

The founder of psychoanalysis who emphasized hidden human nature and irrational motivations, leading to criticism and dislike.

Libido

Also known as the sexual drive, it refers to the life force and primary source of pleasure concentrated in the mouth during the oral stage of psychosexual development.

Thanatos

In psychoanalytic theory, it represents the drive toward death, destruction, and decay, introduced by Freud as a fundamental motive.

Doctrine of Opposites

The idea in psychoanalytic theory that everything implies or contains its opposite, such as life requiring death and happiness requiring sadness.

Psychic Energy

Similar to money, it is absolutely necessary and limited, and understanding its flow is crucial in comprehending human development according to Freud.

Oral Stage

The first stage of psychosexual development where the primary focus of psychic energy is on the mouth, lips, and tongue, lasting from birth to about 18 months.

Oral Stage

The psychological theme of the oral stage is dependency, where a baby is reliant on others for all needs, leading to experiences of passivity and demands for fulfillment.

Id

At the oral stage, the baby operates mainly on the id, seeking immediate gratification for desires like feeding, comfort, and entertainment.

Mistrust

If a baby's needs are not met adequately during the oral stage, it can lead to a fundamental mistrust of others and difficulties in forming healthy dependency relationships.

Narcissism

Children raised by parents who are either excessively cold or overly admiring may develop narcissistic traits, as per Freud's theory.

Golden Mean

Freud believed in moderation, avoiding extremes in behavior and child-rearing styles, aiming for a balanced approach to fulfill a child's needs without instant gratification.

Oral Character

Adults who exhibit extreme behaviors related to dependency and passivity due to childhood experiences at the oral stage are termed as oral characters.

Ego

Developed during the anal stage, the ego mediates between a child's desires and reality, helping in self-control and rational decision-making.

Anal Stage

In this stage, children learn self-control, obedience, and the importance of managing bodily functions, leading to the development of the ego and control issues.

Authoritative Parenting

Parents who strike a balance between control and freedom, known as authoritative parents, tend to raise children who fare better in life according to Freudian views.

Anal Character

Adults who exhibit personality traits centered around control issues, either being obsessive and orderly or chaotic and defiant, are termed as anal characters.

Phallic Stage

The stage of psychosexual development from about 4 to 7 years of age where the realization of sex differences occurs, focusing on the penis (for boys) and its absence (for girls).

Oedipal Crisis

In psychoanalytic theory, the crisis where young boys fall in love with their mothers and fear castration by their fathers, while girls experience grief over perceived castration.

Identification

In psychoanalytic theory, the process of taking on the values and worldview of another person, such as a parent, to resolve anxiety or grief.

Superego

The third major psychic structure after the id and ego, representing the part of the mind that passes moral judgment based on identifications and influences from others.

Genital Stage

The final stage of psychosexual development emphasizing the genitals and heterosexual relationships, where maturity is achieved by contributing constructively to life and society.

Mental Health

According to Freud, the ability "to love and to work," highlighting the importance of both emotional relationships and productive contributions to society.

Fixation

Leaving a disproportionate share of one's libido behind at an earlier stage of development, leading to continued struggles and potential regression.

Regression

Retreating to an earlier, more immature stage of psychosexual development, often due to stress, impacting behavior and coping mechanisms.