Marine processes

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Last updated 6:49 PM on 6/17/26
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11 Terms

1
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What are the 4 ways sediment is transported in water

  • Traction- large boulders pushed along sea bed by force of water

  • Suspension- small particles carried along in the water

  • Saltation- pebble sized particles bounced along sea bed

  • Solution- soluble materials dissolved in water and carried along

<ul><li><p>Traction- large boulders pushed along sea bed by force of water</p></li><li><p>Suspension- small particles carried along in the water</p></li><li><p>Saltation- pebble sized particles bounced along sea bed</p></li><li><p>Solution- soluble materials dissolved in water and carried along</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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What is longshore drift

Occurs when waves approach chore at an angle, it is the zig-zag movement of sediment within coastal system. Material pushed up in same direction but backwash drags material back perpendicular to wave.

<p>Occurs when waves approach chore at an angle, it is the zig-zag movement of sediment within coastal system. Material pushed up in same direction but backwash drags material back perpendicular to wave.</p>
3
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What are some causes for deposition

  • Energy source altering

  • Wave type

  • Increased friction

  • Interruption to flow

4
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How does geology affect rate of erosion

  • Rock type- Soft rock erodes faster than hard rock, and rocks which are well jointed are easily penetrated by sea

  • Structure of the rock- Concordant coastline rock layers run parallel to coastline usually has hard rock on outside and soft rock inside. Discordant coastline rock layers run perpendicular to coastline, alternating bands of hard and soft rock

<ul><li><p>Rock type- Soft rock erodes faster than hard rock, and rocks which are well jointed are easily penetrated by sea</p></li><li><p>Structure of the rock- Concordant coastline rock layers run parallel to coastline usually has hard rock on outside and soft rock inside. Discordant coastline rock layers run perpendicular to coastline, alternating bands of hard and soft rock</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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What are the main marine processes

  • Hydraulic action

  • Wave quarrying

  • Abrasion

  • Solution

  • Attrition

6
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What is hydraulic action

Waves force air into cracks in the rock; pressure builds and is released as waves retreat, weakening and breaking the rock over repeated action leading to cliff retreat

<p>Waves force air into cracks in the rock; pressure builds and is released as waves retreat, weakening and breaking the rock over repeated action leading to cliff retreat</p>
7
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What is wave quarrying

Waves breaking against unconsolidated material scooping it out

8
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What is abrasion

  • Sediment dragged by waves are hurled at coastline and act as like sandpaper scraping and wearing away the rock surface

  • Over time this causes wave cut notch to form and rock becomes unstable and eventually collapses so cliff retreats

<ul><li><p>Sediment dragged by waves are hurled at coastline and act as like sandpaper scraping and wearing away the rock surface</p></li><li><p>Over time this causes wave cut notch to form and rock becomes unstable and eventually collapses so cliff retreats</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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What is solution

Weak acids in seawater dissolve alkaline rock

10
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What is attrition

Rock particles collide and break down, becoming smaller, smoother, and more rounded.

11
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How does a presence of a beach affect rate of erosion

Beaches help absorb impact of water if a beach is absent cliff may be more vulnerable to erosion